m (→Taxonomy: typo) |
(split of Mangrove Rail and Ridgway's Rail) |
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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Clapperrail_by_BlueRaven.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|BlueRaven|BlueRaven}}<br />Corpus Christi, [[Texas]], January 2009]] |
| − | ;[[:Category:Rallus|Rallus]] | + | ;[[:Category:Rallus|Rallus]] crepitans |
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==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | * | + | *36 cm in length, male average 20% larger than female |
| − | *Upperside in many forms grayish-brown | + | *Upperside in many forms grayish-brown to dark brown in others. Feathers on the back have darker centers. |
*Breast varies from bright chestnut to cinnamon to dusky gray to quite dark grey or even vinacious brown. Many subspecies have a dusky band across upper breast. | *Breast varies from bright chestnut to cinnamon to dusky gray to quite dark grey or even vinacious brown. Many subspecies have a dusky band across upper breast. | ||
| − | *Flanks in most subspecies are contrasting white bars with dusky or even black bars | + | *Flanks in most subspecies are contrasting white bars with dusky or even black bars |
*Noticeable white patch under tail in most subspecies, but undertail coverts barred with either black or grey in several others | *Noticeable white patch under tail in most subspecies, but undertail coverts barred with either black or grey in several others | ||
*Bill is strong and long and curves slightly downwards | *Bill is strong and long and curves slightly downwards | ||
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In especially the northern populations have been described some very dark individuals, either as result of different morphs, individual variation, or hybridization with [[King Rail]]. | In especially the northern populations have been described some very dark individuals, either as result of different morphs, individual variation, or hybridization with [[King Rail]]. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | It is found along the east coast of [[North America]] | + | It is found along the east coast of [[North America]] and the coasts and some islands of the [[Caribbean]]. |
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==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | Formerly considered conspecific with [[Mangrove Rail]] (''R. longirostris'') and [[Ridgway's Rail]] (''R. obsoletus''). | |
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====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>==== | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>==== | ||
| − | + | *''R. c. crepitans'' - Atlantic coast ([[Connecticut]] to north-eastern [[North Carolina]]) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. waynei'' - Coastal Atlantic salt marshes (south-eastern North Carolina to eastern [[Florida]]) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. saturatus'' - Gulf Coast (south-western [[Alabama]] to [[Texas]] and Tamaulipas) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. scotti'' - Coastal Florida (Pensacola to Cape Sable and Jupiter) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. insularum'' - Mangrove swamps of Florida Keys | |
| − | + | *''R. c. coryi'' - Mangrove swamps of [[Bahamas]] | |
| − | + | *''R. c. pallidus'' - Mangroves of south-eastern Mexico (coastal northern Yucatán Peninsula) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. grossi'' - South-eastern Mexico (islands on Chinchorro Bank off Quintana Roo) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. belizensis'' - [[Belize]] (Ycacos Lagoon) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. leucophaeus'' - Isle of Youth ([[Cuba]]) | |
| − | + | *''R. c. caribaeus'' - Cuba, [[Hispaniola]] and [[Puerto Rico]] to [[Antigua]] and northern [[Antilles]] | |
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==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Grassy marches and mangroves. When overlapping in range with [[King Rail]] (Gulf and Atlantic coasts), Clapper Rail normally are found in salt environs while King Rail is limited to freshwater ponds. | Grassy marches and mangroves. When overlapping in range with [[King Rail]] (Gulf and Atlantic coasts), Clapper Rail normally are found in salt environs while King Rail is limited to freshwater ponds. | ||
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This bird is rarely seen flying, which is reflected in the many subspecies found across its range. However, the north east populations in the US are migratory, wintering more southerly along the Atlantic coast. | This bird is rarely seen flying, which is reflected in the many subspecies found across its range. However, the north east populations in the US are migratory, wintering more southerly along the Atlantic coast. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug14}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker14V4. | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug14}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker14V4.4}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=151446 Birdforum thread] discussing the taxonomy of Clapper Rail |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Rallus+ | + | {{GSearch|Rallus+crepitans}} |
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Rallus]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Rallus]] | ||
Revision as of 16:17, 30 October 2014
- Rallus crepitans
Identification
- 36 cm in length, male average 20% larger than female
- Upperside in many forms grayish-brown to dark brown in others. Feathers on the back have darker centers.
- Breast varies from bright chestnut to cinnamon to dusky gray to quite dark grey or even vinacious brown. Many subspecies have a dusky band across upper breast.
- Flanks in most subspecies are contrasting white bars with dusky or even black bars
- Noticeable white patch under tail in most subspecies, but undertail coverts barred with either black or grey in several others
- Bill is strong and long and curves slightly downwards
In especially the northern populations have been described some very dark individuals, either as result of different morphs, individual variation, or hybridization with King Rail.
Distribution
It is found along the east coast of North America and the coasts and some islands of the Caribbean.
Taxonomy
Formerly considered conspecific with Mangrove Rail (R. longirostris) and Ridgway's Rail (R. obsoletus).
Subspecies1
- R. c. crepitans - Atlantic coast (Connecticut to north-eastern North Carolina)
- R. c. waynei - Coastal Atlantic salt marshes (south-eastern North Carolina to eastern Florida)
- R. c. saturatus - Gulf Coast (south-western Alabama to Texas and Tamaulipas)
- R. c. scotti - Coastal Florida (Pensacola to Cape Sable and Jupiter)
- R. c. insularum - Mangrove swamps of Florida Keys
- R. c. coryi - Mangrove swamps of Bahamas
- R. c. pallidus - Mangroves of south-eastern Mexico (coastal northern Yucatán Peninsula)
- R. c. grossi - South-eastern Mexico (islands on Chinchorro Bank off Quintana Roo)
- R. c. belizensis - Belize (Ycacos Lagoon)
- R. c. leucophaeus - Isle of Youth (Cuba)
- R. c. caribaeus - Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico to Antigua and northern Antilles
Habitat
Grassy marches and mangroves. When overlapping in range with King Rail (Gulf and Atlantic coasts), Clapper Rail normally are found in salt environs while King Rail is limited to freshwater ponds.
Behaviour
Diet
These birds eat crustaceans, aquatic insects and small fish. They search for food while walking, sometimes probing with their long bills, in shallow water or mud.
This bird is rarely seen flying, which is reflected in the many subspecies found across its range. However, the north east populations in the US are migratory, wintering more southerly along the Atlantic coast.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9., with updates to August 2014. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2014. IOC World Bird Names (version 4.4). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Birdforum thread discussing the taxonomy of Clapper Rail
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Clapper Rail. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 November 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Clapper_Rail
