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− | [[Image: | + | [[Image:black_francolin_alok_2.JPG|thumb|500px|right|Subspecies '' F. f. asiae'' : male<br />Photo © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />[[Jim Corbett National Park]], Uttarakhand [[Himalayas]], [[India]], 10 June 2016]] |
;[[:Category:Francolinus|Francolinus]] francolinus | ;[[:Category:Francolinus|Francolinus]] francolinus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
− | 31–36 cm (12-14 in) | + | [[Image:Black Francolin femalebc3.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies : female<br />Photo © by {{user|lior+kislev|lior kislev}}<br />Btecha North [[Israel]], 17 November 2008]] |
+ | 31–36 cm (12-14 in)<br /> | ||
'''Male''' | '''Male''' | ||
*Mainly black | *Mainly black | ||
Line 11: | Line 12: | ||
*Red legs<br /> | *Red legs<br /> | ||
The amount white spotting on the flanks varies considerably | The amount white spotting on the flanks varies considerably | ||
− | + | ||
'''Female''' | '''Female''' | ||
*Mainly brown | *Mainly brown | ||
Line 17: | Line 18: | ||
*The depth of colour of the females varies | *The depth of colour of the females varies | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
− | [[Kashmir]], [[Cyprus]], south-eastern [[Turkey]], [[Iran]], southwest [[Turkmenistan]] | + | [[Kashmir]], [[Cyprus]], south-eastern [[Turkey]], [[Iran]], southwest [[Turkmenistan]], northeast [[India]], and south-western [[Nepal]]. |
Introduced to [[Hawaii]] | Introduced to [[Hawaii]] | ||
+ | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
+ | [[Image:DSC 20871.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Sub-adult male, subspecies ''asiae''<br />Photo © by {{user|Tribhuz|Tribhuz}}<br />Suklaphanta National Park, [[Nepal]], 31 December 2017]] | ||
+ | [[Image:black_francolin_alok.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''F. f. asiae'' : female<br />Photo © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Dist. Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], 18 January 2018]] | ||
There are 6 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | There are 6 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''F. f. francolinus'': | *''F. f. francolinus'': | ||
Line 27: | Line 31: | ||
*''F. f. arabistanicus'': | *''F. f. arabistanicus'': | ||
:*Southern [[Iraq]] and western [[Iran]] | :*Southern [[Iraq]] and western [[Iran]] | ||
− | |||
*''F. f. bogdanovi'': | *''F. f. bogdanovi'': | ||
:*Southern [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]] to southern [[Pakistan]] | :*Southern [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]] to southern [[Pakistan]] | ||
Line 40: | Line 43: | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
− | + | They nest in a bare ground scrape. The clutch consists of 8-18 pale greenish-brown eggs with white spots. | |
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
− | The diet | + | The diet consists of a variety of seeds from grass, weeds and cereal crops; also leaves, shoots, tubers berries and fruit. They also eat many insects and their larvae. |
+ | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
+ | [[Image:Black Francolin male flight 6 th Sept 2009.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies '' F. f. henrici'' : male<br />Photo © by {{user|Jugal+Tiwari|Jugal Tiwari }}<br />Kutch, Gujarat, [[India]], 8 September 2009]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Audio|Black_Francolin.mp3}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Recording © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> | ||
+ | [[Jim Corbett National Park (Uttaranchal)|(Jim Corbett NP, India]], May-2016<br /> | ||
+ | Call | ||
==In Culture== | ==In Culture== | ||
State bird of Haryana (India). | State bird of Haryana (India). | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Mar 2018) |
− | # | + | #Wikipedia |
+ | #Birdforum Member observations | ||
+ | #Birdforum members description of [https://www.birdforum.net/threads/courtship-of-black-francolins-francolinus-francolinus.415017/ their courtship] | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
− | {{GSearch| | + | {{GSearch|"Francolinus francolinus" {{!}} "Black Francolin"}} |
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | {{VSearch|"Francolinus francolinus" {{!}} "Black Francolin"}} | ||
+ | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
+ | <br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Francolinus]] [[Category:Videos]] | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Francolinus]] [[Category:Bird Songs]][[Category:Videos]] |
Latest revision as of 14:44, 22 August 2023
- Francolinus francolinus
Identification
31–36 cm (12-14 in)
Male
- Mainly black
- White spotting on back and flanks
- Chestnut neck collar
- White cheek patches
- Brown wings
- Red legs
The amount white spotting on the flanks varies considerably
Female
- Mainly brown
- Chestnut hind neck
- The depth of colour of the females varies
Distribution
Kashmir, Cyprus, south-eastern Turkey, Iran, southwest Turkmenistan, northeast India, and south-western Nepal.
Introduced to Hawaii
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 6 subspecies[1]:
- F. f. francolinus:
- Cyprus and Asia Minor to Iraq and Iran
- F. f. arabistanicus:
- F. f. bogdanovi:
- Southern Iran and Afghanistan to southern Pakistan
- F. f. henrici:
- F. f. asiae:
- Northern India
- F. f. melanonotus:
- Eastern India to Sikkim and Bangladesh
Habitat
Scrubby habitats with plenty of low cover. Grassland and other cultivated areas. Also wetlands.
Behaviour
Breeding
They nest in a bare ground scrape. The clutch consists of 8-18 pale greenish-brown eggs with white spots.
Diet
The diet consists of a variety of seeds from grass, weeds and cereal crops; also leaves, shoots, tubers berries and fruit. They also eat many insects and their larvae.
Vocalisation
Recording © by Alok Tewari
(Jim Corbett NP, India, May-2016
Call
In Culture
State bird of Haryana (India).
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Mar 2018)
- Wikipedia
- Birdforum Member observations
- Birdforum members description of their courtship
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black Francolin. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 16 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black_Francolin
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1