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| − | + | [[Image:Ruff.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo © by {{user|rayh|rayh}} <br />[[Titchwell Marsh|Titchwell]], [[Norfolk]], August 2003]] | |
| − | [[Image:Ruff.jpg|thumb| | + | ;[[:Category:Calidris|Calidris]] pugnax |
| + | ''Philomachus pugnax'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Ruff-04232017-13.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male developing breeding plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|dacol|dacol}}<br />Newnans Lake, Gainesville, [[Florida]], [[USA]], April 2017]] | |
| − | == | + | 26–32 cm (10¼-12½ in)<br /> |
| − | < | + | Variable plumaged wader; male much larger than female. Small head on long neck. Legs can be green, yellow, orange or flesh-coloured. <br /> |
| − | ''[[ | + | '''Breeding Male''' |
| + | Has extra-ordinary ear tufts, crest and erectile ruff - black, brown, white; barred or streaked. Belly and sides of rump are white. Black breast. Pale narrow wing bar. Bill may be brown, red or yellow.<br /> | ||
| + | '''Female''', '''Juvenile''' and '''winter Male''': brown, streaked darker above with a buffy breast. <br /> | ||
| + | Their feathers seem to 'ruffle' more easily in the wind than happens with other waders. | ||
| + | ====Similar Species==== | ||
| + | Winter males similar to [[Common Redshank]] but look round-shouldered and pot-bellied in comparison. | ||
| + | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | [[Image:DSC01567m.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male, developing winter plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|Cristian+Mihai|Cristian Mihai}}<br />Vadu (CT), [[Romania]], July 2018]] | ||
| + | Breeds in the Arctic and sub Arctic regions of Northern [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | On migration can be found anywhere along the coast of Western [[Europe]] and at inland wetland sites. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Large numbers winter in East, South and West [[Africa]], although birds may be found in [[India]] and further East. They will travel large distances on migration, birds from Eastern [[Siberia]] have been found in West [[Africa]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Rare visitor to [[USA]], both along the west coast and in the east. Likewise rare in the eastern [[Caribbean]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | ||
| + | Formerly placed in the genus ''[[:Category:Philomachus|Philomachus]]''. | ||
| + | ==Habitat== | ||
| + | '''Breeds''' in bogs, marshes and wet meadows. '''Winter''', and on '''passage''', can be found on inland marshes, lake shores, occasionally estuaries. | ||
| + | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | They build their nest in a well-hidden location on the ground, and 3-4 eggs are laid. | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
| + | They forage in wet grassland and soft mud. The diet includes insects, earthworms, larvae, frogs, small fish, and seeds. | ||
| + | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | A low "chut-ut". | ||
| + | {{ Audio|Philomachus pugnax (song).mp3 }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==Gallery== | ||
| + | Click on photo for larger image | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | Image:Ruff flight.jpeg|Photo © by {{user|frydferd|frydferd}}<br />[[Martin Mere]] February 2008 | ||
| + | Image:Juv Ruff 29649Suokukko 18 8 06II.jpg|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|Akihaka|Akihaka}}<br />Salo, [[Finland]] August 2006 | ||
| + | Image:Ruff 16749jun13 91a.jpg|Breeding Male<br />Photo © by {{user|Robert+L+Jarvis|Robert L Jarvis}} <br />North [[Finland]] June 2001 | ||
| + | Image:RUFF FLIGHT.jpg|Intermediate Plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|trevor.wht|trevor.wht}}<br />Abberton Reservoir, Near Colchester, [[Essex]], [[England]], July 2009 | ||
| + | Image:Ruff_Group.JPG|Large Group in Winter<br />Photo © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Gurgaon, [[India]], Nov 2010. | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved March 2016) | ||
| + | #Wikipedia | ||
| + | #Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3 | ||
| + | #Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966 | ||
| + | #Collins Field Guide 5th Edition | ||
| + | #Birds of the Western Palearctic interactive 2.0.3 2009 | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | + | {{GSearch|"Calidris pugnax" {{!}} "Philomachus pugnax" {{!}} "Ruff"}} | |
| − | {{ | + | <br /> |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] | + | {{VSearch|"Calidris pugnax" {{!}} "Philomachus pugnax" {{!}} "Ruff"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Calidris]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:39, 8 April 2024
- Calidris pugnax
Philomachus pugnax
Identification
26–32 cm (10¼-12½ in)
Variable plumaged wader; male much larger than female. Small head on long neck. Legs can be green, yellow, orange or flesh-coloured.
Breeding Male
Has extra-ordinary ear tufts, crest and erectile ruff - black, brown, white; barred or streaked. Belly and sides of rump are white. Black breast. Pale narrow wing bar. Bill may be brown, red or yellow.
Female, Juvenile and winter Male: brown, streaked darker above with a buffy breast.
Their feathers seem to 'ruffle' more easily in the wind than happens with other waders.
Similar Species
Winter males similar to Common Redshank but look round-shouldered and pot-bellied in comparison.
Distribution
Breeds in the Arctic and sub Arctic regions of Northern Europe and Asia.
On migration can be found anywhere along the coast of Western Europe and at inland wetland sites.
Large numbers winter in East, South and West Africa, although birds may be found in India and further East. They will travel large distances on migration, birds from Eastern Siberia have been found in West Africa
Rare visitor to USA, both along the west coast and in the east. Likewise rare in the eastern Caribbean.
Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species[1]. Formerly placed in the genus Philomachus.
Habitat
Breeds in bogs, marshes and wet meadows. Winter, and on passage, can be found on inland marshes, lake shores, occasionally estuaries.
Behaviour
Breeding
They build their nest in a well-hidden location on the ground, and 3-4 eggs are laid.
Diet
They forage in wet grassland and soft mud. The diet includes insects, earthworms, larvae, frogs, small fish, and seeds.
Vocalisation
A low "chut-ut".
Gallery
Click on photo for larger image
Photo © by frydferd
Martin Mere February 2008
Breeding Male
Photo © by Robert L Jarvis
North Finland June 2001
Intermediate Plumage
Photo © by trevor.wht
Abberton Reservoir, Near Colchester, Essex, England, July 2009
Large Group in Winter
Photo © by Alok Tewari
Gurgaon, India, Nov 2010.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved March 2016)
- Wikipedia
- Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3
- Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
- Birds of the Western Palearctic interactive 2.0.3 2009
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Ruff. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 22 December 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Ruff
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
[[Category:Videos}}
