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| − | [[Image:Epaulet_Oriole.jpg|thumb|550px|right| | + | [[Image:Epaulet_Oriole.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''I. c. tibialis''<br />Photo © by {{user|Arthur+Grosset|Arthur Grosset}}<br />Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, [[Brazil]].]] |
;[[:Category:Icterus|Icterus]] pyrrhopterus | ;[[:Category:Icterus|Icterus]] pyrrhopterus | ||
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Mostly black, the epaulet consisting of the upper wing-coverts. | Mostly black, the epaulet consisting of the upper wing-coverts. | ||
Some subspecies have a yellow epaulet and yellow thighs (e.g., ''I. c. tibialis'') while other sub-species have an ochre-orange epaulet (see second photo). | Some subspecies have a yellow epaulet and yellow thighs (e.g., ''I. c. tibialis'') while other sub-species have an ochre-orange epaulet (see second photo). | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Found in eastern and south-eastern [[Brazil]], [[Bolivia]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]]. | Found in eastern and south-eastern [[Brazil]], [[Bolivia]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]]. | ||
| + | [[Image:Epaulet_Oriole_by_Pantanal1.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Most likely subspecies ''I. c. valenciobuenoi''<br />Photo © by {{user|Pantanal1|Pantanal1}}<br />Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, [[Brazil]].]] | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
Polytypic, consists of four subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>: | Polytypic, consists of four subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>: | ||
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==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Icterus | + | {{GSearch|"Icterus pyrrhopterus" {{!}} "Variable Oriole"}} |
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Icterus]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Icterus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:40, 11 August 2023
- Icterus pyrrhopterus
Identification
Mostly black, the epaulet consisting of the upper wing-coverts. Some subspecies have a yellow epaulet and yellow thighs (e.g., I. c. tibialis) while other sub-species have an ochre-orange epaulet (see second photo).
Distribution
Found in eastern and south-eastern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.
Taxonomy
Polytypic, consists of four subspecies1:
- I. c. tibialis
- Eastern Brazil
- I. c. valenciobuenoi
- South-eastern Brazil
- I. c. periporphyrus
- I. c. pyrrhopterus
This species was formerly included in Epaulet Oriole.
Habitat
Woodland, thorny scrub and gardens.
Behaviour
The diet includes insects and nectar.
Variable Oriole will build a nest that is a long hanging basket of grass and other plant fibres, suspended from the end of a branch or more often underside of a palm leaf or banana leaf; however, alternative nest placements include within mistletoes and epiphytes or in abandoned nests of Red-rumped Caciques. 2 dark-spotted pale blue or white eggs are laid.
References
- Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
- Sibley, CG and BL Monroe. 1996. Birds of the World, on diskette, Windows version 2.0. Charles G. Sibley, Santa Rosa, CA, USA.
- Birdforum thread discussing the possibility of splitting Variable Oriole from Epaulet Oriole
- Fraga 2011. Variable Oriole breeding in abandoned nests of Red-rumped Caciques in Missiones, Argentina. Ornithologia Neotropical 22: 313-315
- Arthur Grosset
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
