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| + | [[Image:Southern_Ground-Hornbill.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male Southern Ground Hornbill <br>Photo © by {{user|TwoBoy|TwoBoy}}]] | ||
;[[:Category:Bucorvus|Bucorvus]] leadbeateri | ;[[:Category:Bucorvus|Bucorvus]] leadbeateri | ||
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''Bucorvus cafer'' | ''Bucorvus cafer'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 90 to 129 cm (35½-50¾in); the largest species of hornbill. Males are larger than females. | |
'''Adult male''': Characterized by black plumage and vivid red-coloured face and throat pouches. The white tips of the wings (primary feathers) seen in flight are another diagnostic characteristic. The beak is black, straight and presents a casque. | '''Adult male''': Characterized by black plumage and vivid red-coloured face and throat pouches. The white tips of the wings (primary feathers) seen in flight are another diagnostic characteristic. The beak is black, straight and presents a casque. | ||
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'''Juvenile''': The plumage is sooty brown, and the bare facial skin is dull cream to yellow. | '''Juvenile''': The plumage is sooty brown, and the bare facial skin is dull cream to yellow. | ||
| − | + | ==Distribution== | |
| + | [[Image:2005_0927_Juvenile_Southern_Ground_Hornbill_Alan_Manson.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Juvenile Southern Ground Hornbill<br>Photo © by {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Mason}}<br>[[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]] ]] | ||
| + | [[Africa]]: Southern [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Uganda]] and southern [[Kenya]] in the north, to northern [[Namibia]], northern and eastern [[Botswana]], eastern [[South Africa]] and [[eSwatini]] in the south. | ||
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==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | ||
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The Southern Ground-Hornbill and the [[Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill]] are the only two species in the genus [[:Category:Bucorvus|''Bucorvus'']]. | The Southern Ground-Hornbill and the [[Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill]] are the only two species in the genus [[:Category:Bucorvus|''Bucorvus'']]. | ||
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==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Its habitat comprises savannahs, woodlands and grasslands. | Its habitat comprises savannahs, woodlands and grasslands. | ||
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The Southern Ground Hornbill is a vulnerable species, mainly confined to national reserves and national parks. Conservation efforts include captive breeding, as well as projects where second-hatched chicks (which soon die in the wild as they cannot compete for food with the older chick) are removed from the nest and have been successfully hand-reared and reintroduced to the wild. | The Southern Ground Hornbill is a vulnerable species, mainly confined to national reserves and national parks. Conservation efforts include captive breeding, as well as projects where second-hatched chicks (which soon die in the wild as they cannot compete for food with the older chick) are removed from the nest and have been successfully hand-reared and reintroduced to the wild. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | They live in groups of five to ten individuals including adults and juveniles. Often, neighbouring groups are engaged in aerial pursuits. They forage on ground, where they feed on reptiles, frogs, snails, insects and small mammals. | + | They live in groups of five to ten individuals including adults and juveniles. Often, neighbouring groups are engaged in aerial pursuits. |
| − | + | ====Diet==== | |
| − | + | They forage on ground, where they feed on reptiles, frogs, snails, insects and small mammals, such as mongooses and hares; fledglings and small birds. A group has been observed working together to surround and kill a hare. | |
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | [[Dictionary_M-O#M|Monogamous]] and a cooperative breeder; the dominant pair may have as many as nine helpers. Most nests are in a cavity in a dead or live tree; the nest is not sealed by the male, as is done in other Hornbill species. One or two eggs are laid August to January. The eggs hatch asynchronously, and only one chick survives in the wild. Juveniles are dependent on adults for 6 to 12 months, but generally remain with the parental group for several years. | ||
| + | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | The voice is a deep, booming ''hudu hudu hududu'' (male deeper than the female) that can be heard over a distance of three kilometres. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}#BF Member observations | |
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Bucorvus | + | {{GSearch|"Bucorvus leadbeateri" {{!}} "Southern Ground Hornbill" {{!}} "Bucorvus cafer" }} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Bucorvus]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Bucorvus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:04, 3 May 2023
- Bucorvus leadbeateri
Bucorvus cafer
Identification
90 to 129 cm (35½-50¾in); the largest species of hornbill. Males are larger than females.
Adult male: Characterized by black plumage and vivid red-coloured face and throat pouches. The white tips of the wings (primary feathers) seen in flight are another diagnostic characteristic. The beak is black, straight and presents a casque.
Adult female: Similar to the male, but has a smaller bill and casque than the male, and a small blue throat patch between the red throat pouches.
Juvenile: The plumage is sooty brown, and the bare facial skin is dull cream to yellow.
Distribution
Africa: Southern Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and southern Kenya in the north, to northern Namibia, northern and eastern Botswana, eastern South Africa and eSwatini in the south.
Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species[1].
The Southern Ground-Hornbill and the Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill are the only two species in the genus Bucorvus.
Habitat
Its habitat comprises savannahs, woodlands and grasslands.
Status
The Southern Ground Hornbill is a vulnerable species, mainly confined to national reserves and national parks. Conservation efforts include captive breeding, as well as projects where second-hatched chicks (which soon die in the wild as they cannot compete for food with the older chick) are removed from the nest and have been successfully hand-reared and reintroduced to the wild.
Behaviour
They live in groups of five to ten individuals including adults and juveniles. Often, neighbouring groups are engaged in aerial pursuits.
Diet
They forage on ground, where they feed on reptiles, frogs, snails, insects and small mammals, such as mongooses and hares; fledglings and small birds. A group has been observed working together to surround and kill a hare.
Breeding
Monogamous and a cooperative breeder; the dominant pair may have as many as nine helpers. Most nests are in a cavity in a dead or live tree; the nest is not sealed by the male, as is done in other Hornbill species. One or two eggs are laid August to January. The eggs hatch asynchronously, and only one chick survives in the wild. Juveniles are dependent on adults for 6 to 12 months, but generally remain with the parental group for several years.
Vocalisation
The voice is a deep, booming hudu hudu hududu (male deeper than the female) that can be heard over a distance of three kilometres.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Hockey, PAR, WRJ Dean, and PG Ryan, eds. 2005. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 978-0620340533
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Southern Ground Hornbill. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 5 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Southern_Ground_Hornbill
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
