Difference between revisions of "Muisca Antpitta" - BirdForum Opus

Latest revision as of 02:25, 13 March 2022

Alternative name: prior to being split this and many other species were included in Rufous Antpitta.

Grallaria rufula

Identification

15 cm

Rufous both above and below
Eye dark brown
Eye ring pale
Bill dark
Legs dark

Variation

Northernmost birds have a paler malar area and pinkish-buff base of lower mandible. These are generally browner while southern birds are generally more reddish and southern birds might have paler central belly.

Distribution

South America: Andes of Venezuela (Táchira) and Eastern Andes of Colombia south to Cundinamarca and western Meta (but absent from the west slope in the Iguaque Massif in Boyacá and extreme southwestern Santander)

Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species^[1].

This species and 15 others were previously included in a complex of Rufous Antpitta/Chestnut Antpitta.

Habitat

Bamboo in moist montane forests, second growth, and nearby degraded areas. Found at 1850–3800 m asl.

Behaviour

Found on or low over the ground. It seems to prefer invertebrates.

Vocalizations

Long song is a series with relatively few, well spaced and relatively long notes of even pace and pitch. The short song consists of two notes that are both lasting about a second and given with a quarter of a second interval. The first note of the slow song is relatively simple while the second has a buzzy quality because is consists of a series of ultra-short elements.

References

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Link to paper by Isler et al. (2020) describing taxonomy of this species.
Birdforum thread discussing the taxonomy of this complex
Krabbe, N., J. del Hoyo, T. S. Schulenberg, N. Collar, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Rufous Antpitta (Grallaria rufula), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rufant1.01
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. & Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Perija Antpitta (Grallaria saltuensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/1343615 on 29 March 2020).

List of references

Recommended Citation

BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Muisca Antpitta. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 8 September 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Muisca_Antpitta

External Links

Search for photos of Muisca Antpitta in the gallery

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:Rufous antpitta IMG 5617.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''rufula''<br /> Photo &copy; by {{user|megan+perkins|megan perkins}}<br />Yanacocha, [[Ecuador]], November 2012]]
+'''Alternative name: prior to being split this and many other species were included in [[Rufous Antpitta]].'''
 ;[[:Category:Grallaria|Grallaria]] rufula
 ==Identification==
-In all areas a relatively uniform bird, with upperside and anterior part of underside similar in color, which is more or less strongly rufous in most populations. They all have more or less of an eye ring, often much stronger behind than in front of the eye.
+cm
-[[Image:Rufous_Antpitta_by-Luis_R.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''occabambae''<br /> Photo &copy; by {{user|Luis+R|Luis R}}<br />Cusco, [[Peru]], July 16, 2019]]
+*Rufous both above and below
+*Eye dark brown
+*Eye ring pale
+*Bill dark
+*Legs dark
 ====Variation====
-The two northernmost subspecies share a paler malar area. The Perija form (''saltuensis'') is by far the overall most dull subspecies and has been viewed as a full species by some authorities. Most subspecies have paler belly and others do not.
+Northernmost birds have a paler malar area and pinkish-buff base of lower mandible. These are generally browner while southern birds are generally more reddish and southern birds might have paler central belly.
 ==Distribution==
-[[South America]]: found in mountains, mainly the Andes of [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]].
+[[South America]]: Andes of [[Venezuela]] (Táchira) and Eastern Andes of [[Colombia]] south to Cundinamarca and western Meta (but absent from the west slope in the Iguaque Massif in Boyacá and extreme southwestern Santander)
 ==Taxonomy==
-====Subspecies====
+This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
-There are 7 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
-*''G. r. rufula'':
+This species and 15 others were previously included in a complex of Rufous Antpitta/Chestnut Antpitta.
-:*Andes of Colombia to western Venezuela (Táchira) and [[Ecuador]]
-*''G. r. cajamarcae'':
-:*Andes of northern [[Peru]] (Cajamarca)
-*''G. r. obscura'':
-:*Andes of central Peru (Huánuco and Junín)
-*''G. r. occabambae'':
-:*Andes of south-eastern Peru (Cusco)
-*''G. r. cochabambae'':
-:*Andes of western [[Bolivia]] (La Paz and Cochabamba)
-Subspecies ''saltuensis'' has been seen as a full species by some authorities. The vocal variation has led others to state this might be a superspecies of several full species.
 ==Habitat==
-On or low over the ground in Bamboo in moist montane forests, second growth, and nearby degraded areas. Found at 1800-2500 m [[Dictionary_A-C#A|asl]] in Colombia and mostly 2400-3700 m (occasionally lower) in Peru.
+Bamboo in moist montane forests, second growth, and nearby degraded areas. Found at 1850–3800 m [[Dictionary_A-C#A|asl]].
 ==Behaviour==
-Seems to prefer invertebrates.
+Found on or low over the ground. It seems to prefer invertebrates.
 ====Vocalizations====
-All subspecies gives a form of trill but pitch, duration and spacing of notes as well as presence versus absence of introductory notes vary among populations.
+Long song is a series with relatively few, well spaced and relatively long notes of even pace and pitch. The short song consists of two notes that are both lasting about a second and given with a quarter of a second interval. The first note of the slow song is relatively simple while the second has a buzzy quality because is consists of a series of ultra-short elements.
 ==References==
-#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Avibase
+#{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903_Taxonomic_evaluation_of_the_Grallaria_rufula_Rufous_Antpitta_complex_Aves_Passeriformes_Grallariidae_distinguishes_sixteen_species/link/5f1b382a92851cd5fa44d499/download Link to paper] by Isler ''et al.'' (2020) describing taxonomy of this species.
 #[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=2187738 Birdforum thread] discussing the taxonomy of this complex
 #Krabbe, N., J. del Hoyo, T. S. Schulenberg, N. Collar, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Rufous Antpitta (Grallaria rufula), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rufant1.01
 #del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. & Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Perija Antpitta (Grallaria saltuensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/1343615 on 29 March 2020).
-#[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343108903_Taxonomic_evaluation_of_the_Grallaria_rufula_Rufous_Antpitta_complex_Aves_Passeriformes_Grallariidae_distinguishes_sixteen_species/link/5f1b382a92851cd5fa44d499/download Link to paper] by Isler ''et al.'' (2020) describing taxonomy of this species.
 {{ref}}
 ==External Links==
 {{GSearch|Grallaria+rufula}}
-[[Category:Birds]]  [[Category:Grallaria]]
+[[Category:Birds]]  [[Category:Grallaria]] [[Category:Missing Images]]