Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Pbi ?
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Falconidae (1 Viewer)
- Thread starter Peter Kovalik
- Start date
Presumably, Poor Bloody Infantry.
Would not be BOU these day as as they defer to the IOC.
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Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Decision of SACC, that's their business, so don't care. The only thing i want to know is if the elevation of Herpetotherinae to family rank is justified or not. If yes, I would act accordingly
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
I'm not saying the opposite, my own list incorporates arbitrary decisions, however researchers who suggest this or that recommendation are based on evidence, in principle
If you manage a list, I would be interested in seeing your work |=)|
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albertonykus
Well-known member
Ruegg, K.C., M. Brinkmeyer, C.M. Bossu, R.A. Bay, E.C. Anderson, C.W. Boal, R.D. Dawson, A. Eschenbauch, C.J.W. McClure, K.E. Miller, L. Morrow, J. Morrow, M.D. Oleyar, B. Ralph, S. Schulwitz, T. Swem, J.-F. Therrien, R.V. Buskirk, T.B. Smith, and J.A. Heath (2021)
The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) genoscape: implications for monitoring, management, and subspecies boundaries
Ornithology 138: ukaa051
doi: 10.1093/auk/ukaa051
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) genoscape: implications for monitoring, management, and subspecies boundaries
Identifying population genetic structure is useful for inferring evolutionary process and comparing the resulting structure with subspecies boundaries can aid in species management. The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) is a widespread and highly diverse species with 17 total subspecies, only 2 of which are found north of U.S./Mexico border (F. s. paulus is restricted to southeastern United States, while F. s. sparverius breeds across the remainder of the U.S. and Canadian distribution). In many parts of their U.S. and Canadian range, American Kestrels have been declining, but it has been difficult to interpret demographic trends without a clearer understanding of gene flow among populations. Here we sequence the first American Kestrel genome and scan the genome of 197 individuals from 12 sampling locations across the United States and Canada in order to identify population structure. To validate signatures of population structure and fill in sampling gaps across the U.S. and Canadian range, we screened 192 outlier loci in an additional 376 samples from 34 sampling locations. Overall, our analyses support the existence of 5 genetically distinct populations of American Kestrels—eastern, western, Texas, Florida, and Alaska. Interestingly, we found that while our genome-wide genetic data support the existence of previously described subspecies boundaries in the United States and Canada, genetic differences across the sampled range correlate more with putative migratory phenotypes (resident, long-distance, and short-distance migrants) rather than a priori described subspecies boundaries per se. Based on our results, we suggest the resulting 5 genetically distinct populations serve as the foundation for American Kestrel conservation and management in the face of future threats.
The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) genoscape: implications for monitoring, management, and subspecies boundaries
Ornithology 138: ukaa051
doi: 10.1093/auk/ukaa051
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) genoscape: implications for monitoring, management, and subspecies boundaries
Identifying population genetic structure is useful for inferring evolutionary process and comparing the resulting structure with subspecies boundaries can aid in species management. The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) is a widespread and highly diverse species with 17 total subspecies, only 2 of which are found north of U.S./Mexico border (F. s. paulus is restricted to southeastern United States, while F. s. sparverius breeds across the remainder of the U.S. and Canadian distribution). In many parts of their U.S. and Canadian range, American Kestrels have been declining, but it has been difficult to interpret demographic trends without a clearer understanding of gene flow among populations. Here we sequence the first American Kestrel genome and scan the genome of 197 individuals from 12 sampling locations across the United States and Canada in order to identify population structure. To validate signatures of population structure and fill in sampling gaps across the U.S. and Canadian range, we screened 192 outlier loci in an additional 376 samples from 34 sampling locations. Overall, our analyses support the existence of 5 genetically distinct populations of American Kestrels—eastern, western, Texas, Florida, and Alaska. Interestingly, we found that while our genome-wide genetic data support the existence of previously described subspecies boundaries in the United States and Canada, genetic differences across the sampled range correlate more with putative migratory phenotypes (resident, long-distance, and short-distance migrants) rather than a priori described subspecies boundaries per se. Based on our results, we suggest the resulting 5 genetically distinct populations serve as the foundation for American Kestrel conservation and management in the face of future threats.
albertonykus
Well-known member
Martinico, B.L., G.K. Sage, M.C. Gravley, S.L. Talbot, R.P. Bourbour, A.C. Hull, B.A. Haak, A.M. Fish, and J.M. Hull (2023)
Population genetics and phylogeography of North American Merlins (Falco columbarius) in the post-DDT era
Ibis (advance online publication)
doi: 10.1111/ibi.13182
In North America, the population genetic structure of many raptor species has been shaped by patterns of post-glacial population expansion and anthropogenic forces, such as the widespread use of the organochlorine pesticide DDT during the mid-20th century. While common themes of post-glacial avian population expansion have emerged, little is known about the genetic impacts of DDT on raptor species that experienced a population bottleneck but were not the focus of conservation efforts. We investigated how the combination of post-Pleistocene environmental change and the DDT-era population bottleneck have influenced the contemporary population structure of Merlins Falco columbarius in North America. We genotyped migrating Merlins across North America (n = 272), at 23 polymorphic microsatellite loci and generated sequence data for a 569-base pair segment of the mitochondrial control region. We used hierarchical analysis of molecular variance, pairwise Fst/ϕst comparisons, and Bayesian clustering analyses to assess genetic differentiation between individuals from eastern and western North America, distinct migratory flyways, and three recognized North American subspecies. Across all analyses, we found low or no population differentiation, suggesting North American Merlins are largely comprised of one panmictic population showing evidence of a post-glacial population expansion with little genetic differentiation detected between regions. Furthermore, we did not detect a contemporary signal of a genetic bottleneck that could have resulted from the DDT-era population decline with the markers used in this study. Consistent with other avian species, we found a correlation between allele length variation at a microsatellite isolated from the 3’ UTR of the ADCYAP1 gene and migratory versus sedentary characteristics in Merlin subspecies. We detected two common mitochondrial control region haplotypes in the geographic regions sampled, a unique pattern among other wide-spread North American raptor species. This study furthers our understanding of the genetic and demographic history of Merlins in North American and can inform future genomic studies on this species.
Population genetics and phylogeography of North American Merlins (Falco columbarius) in the post-DDT era
Ibis (advance online publication)
doi: 10.1111/ibi.13182
In North America, the population genetic structure of many raptor species has been shaped by patterns of post-glacial population expansion and anthropogenic forces, such as the widespread use of the organochlorine pesticide DDT during the mid-20th century. While common themes of post-glacial avian population expansion have emerged, little is known about the genetic impacts of DDT on raptor species that experienced a population bottleneck but were not the focus of conservation efforts. We investigated how the combination of post-Pleistocene environmental change and the DDT-era population bottleneck have influenced the contemporary population structure of Merlins Falco columbarius in North America. We genotyped migrating Merlins across North America (n = 272), at 23 polymorphic microsatellite loci and generated sequence data for a 569-base pair segment of the mitochondrial control region. We used hierarchical analysis of molecular variance, pairwise Fst/ϕst comparisons, and Bayesian clustering analyses to assess genetic differentiation between individuals from eastern and western North America, distinct migratory flyways, and three recognized North American subspecies. Across all analyses, we found low or no population differentiation, suggesting North American Merlins are largely comprised of one panmictic population showing evidence of a post-glacial population expansion with little genetic differentiation detected between regions. Furthermore, we did not detect a contemporary signal of a genetic bottleneck that could have resulted from the DDT-era population decline with the markers used in this study. Consistent with other avian species, we found a correlation between allele length variation at a microsatellite isolated from the 3’ UTR of the ADCYAP1 gene and migratory versus sedentary characteristics in Merlin subspecies. We detected two common mitochondrial control region haplotypes in the geographic regions sampled, a unique pattern among other wide-spread North American raptor species. This study furthers our understanding of the genetic and demographic history of Merlins in North American and can inform future genomic studies on this species.
albertonykus
Well-known member
Zinevich, L., M. Prommer, L. Laczkó, D. Rozhkova, A. Sorokin, I. Karyakin, J. Bagyura, T. Cserkész, and G. Sramkó (2023)
Phylogenomic insights into the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers (Falco cherrug) and the origins of gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus)
Scientific Reports 13: 17800
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44534-4
The Altai falcon from Central Asia always attracted the attention of humans. Long considered a totemic bird in its native area, modern falconers still much appreciated this large-bodied and mighty bird of prey due to its rarity and unique look. The peculiar body characteristics halfway between the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and the gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) triggered debates about its contentious taxonomy. The weak phylogenetic signal associated with traditional genetic methods could not resolve this uncertainty. Here, we address the controversial evolutionary origin of Altai falcons by means of a genome-wide approach, Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing, using sympatric eastern sakers falcons, allopatric western saker falcons and gyrfalcons as outgroup. This approach provided an unprecedented insight into the phylogenetic relationships of the studied populations by delivering 17,095 unlinked SNPs shedding light on the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers. Thus we concluded that the former must correspond to a low taxonomic rank, probably an ecotype or form of the latter. Also, we found that eastern sakers are paraphyletic without gyrfalcons, thus, these latter birds are best regarded as the direct sister lineage of the eastern sakers. This evolutionary relationship, corroborated also by re-analyzing the dataset with the inclusion of outgroup samples (F. biarmicus and F. peregrinus), put eastern sakers into a new light as the potential ancestral genetic source of high latitude and altitude adaptation in descendent populations. Finally, conservation genomic values hint at the stable genetic background of the studied saker populations.
Phylogenomic insights into the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers (Falco cherrug) and the origins of gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus)
Scientific Reports 13: 17800
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44534-4
The Altai falcon from Central Asia always attracted the attention of humans. Long considered a totemic bird in its native area, modern falconers still much appreciated this large-bodied and mighty bird of prey due to its rarity and unique look. The peculiar body characteristics halfway between the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and the gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) triggered debates about its contentious taxonomy. The weak phylogenetic signal associated with traditional genetic methods could not resolve this uncertainty. Here, we address the controversial evolutionary origin of Altai falcons by means of a genome-wide approach, Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing, using sympatric eastern sakers falcons, allopatric western saker falcons and gyrfalcons as outgroup. This approach provided an unprecedented insight into the phylogenetic relationships of the studied populations by delivering 17,095 unlinked SNPs shedding light on the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers. Thus we concluded that the former must correspond to a low taxonomic rank, probably an ecotype or form of the latter. Also, we found that eastern sakers are paraphyletic without gyrfalcons, thus, these latter birds are best regarded as the direct sister lineage of the eastern sakers. This evolutionary relationship, corroborated also by re-analyzing the dataset with the inclusion of outgroup samples (F. biarmicus and F. peregrinus), put eastern sakers into a new light as the potential ancestral genetic source of high latitude and altitude adaptation in descendent populations. Finally, conservation genomic values hint at the stable genetic background of the studied saker populations.
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
The paper uploaded in this researchgate page is Mindell & al, 2018, not Fuchs 2015. Anyone have the paper Fuchs & al (2015) ? I would like to check something about Falco columbarius
l_raty
laurent raty
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Tankyou
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
S.M.S. Gregory, 2024 (June 18): V. The correct family-group name for a clade of the Falconidae Leach, 1819, the Caracaras and Spot-winged Falconet”. Pp. N27–N32
l_raty
laurent raty
I have two main comments here :
1) Polyborus Vieillot 1816.
OD : Vieillot 1816 (Apr) : Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire
As noted by Steven, this name was proposed without any included nominal species ("Caracara, Buff." is not a nominal species denoted by an available name, and cannot act as a type species).
The first inclusion of nominal species was in Vieillot 1816 (Dec) : t.5 (1816) - Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle - Biodiversity Heritage Library
Here, Vieillot included positively only one single taxonomic species, "le CARACARA proprement dit", Polyborus vulgaris Vieillot, for which he cited Falco brasiliensis "Latham" as a synonym. He further cited (1) Falco cheriway "Gmelin" (without actually combining this name with Polyborus, and which he treated as of uncertain identity (species inquirenda), ineligible to become the type of the genus; see ICZN 67.2.5), and (2) two additional species described by Azara (which he named Polyborus chimachima and P. chimango, but which he had not seen himself, and included with explicit reservations -- "Comme il faut voir ces oiseaux en nature, pour décider si réellement ils doivent faire partie de ce genre, je ne les y place que provisoirement." -- ineligible to become the type as well; same ICZN article).
The current Code defines "subsequent monotypy" as occurring when "only one nominal species was first subsequently included". Here, Vieillot included one taxonomic species, but arguably two nominal species, and a designation of one of these may be seen as necessary. (*)
I would personally be inclined to make the case that Vieillot 1816 (Dec) called what was evidently the single included species (and, thus, his Polyborus vulgaris) the type of his new genus ("[...] je crois l'avoir placé convenablement en le présentant comme le type d'un nouveau genre [...]"). This designation might possibly be called ambiguous, though, as it occurs before the introduction of the species name in the text, and some might feel it is not warranted to treat what got designated there ("le caracara") as being equal to the species ("le CARACARA proprement dit"). However, even if it was not accepted, Vieillot repeated a very similar designation in 1821 (livr. 9, 15 Sep 1821 (?) -- there are difficulties with the dating of early portions of the text this work; in any case, certainly before Vigors designated F. brasiliensis in 1824) : t.1=pt.1-2 (1825) - La galerie des oiseaux - Biodiversity Heritage Library . This time the designation was included in a text covering Polyborus vulgaris specifically, hence I don't really see how it could be set aside.
Thus I read the type of Polyborus Vieillot 1816 (Apr) as being Polyborus vulgaris Vieillot 1816 (Dec), by subsequent designation of either Vieillot 1816 (Dec), or Vieillot 1821 (Sep). Not Falco brasiliensis Gmelin. And I note that Polyborus vulgaris Vieillot has always been cited as a synonym of Falco plancus Miller -- even by those who insisted about dropping Polyborus.
In other words, under today's rules, I'm very much unclear that there is any actual justification for the invalidation of this genus-group name as used in its traditional sense. Or, obviously, of any family-group name formed from it. (The invalidation was a direct consequence of the fact that "Caracara, Buff." was seen as the "type" of the genus-group name -- which is definitely not an option at all under the ICZN.)
(*) NB : My understanding is that there is a significant probability that, in the next edition of the Code, the mechanism of fixation by subsequent monotypy will be made similar to that of a fixation by monotypy in the OD (ICZN 68.3). I.e, it may well be that under the 5th ed. of the Code, the type of Polyborus Vieillot 1816 (Apr) will be Polyborus vulgaris Vieillot 1816 (Dec) by subsequent monotypy, "regardless of any cited synonyms, subspecies, or unavailable names, and regardless of whether the author considered the nominal genus-group taxon to contain other species which he or she did not cite by name, and regardless of nominal species-group taxa doubtfully included or identified".
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2) Caracarinae :
I had not identified this problem previously, but Steven is indeed completely correct that the various uses of Caracaridae by d'Orbigny 1835, d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837, d'Orbigny in La Sagra 1839, do not meet the requirements for availability. (In these works, Polyborus is used as the valid name for the wannabe type genus.) The source which he suggests to accept instead (i.e., Wetmore 1956), however, is not the right one. The name is available as :
Caracarinae Wetmore, Friedmann, Lincoln, Miller, Peters, Van Tyne & Zimmer 1950 (27 Jul) : Twenty-Fifth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds | Searchable Ornithological Research Archive
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Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Martin, A. M., J. A. Johnson, R. B. Berry, M. Carling, and C. Martínez del Rio (2024) Contrasting genomic diversity and inbreeding levels among two closely related falcon species with overlapping geographic distributions. Molecular Ecology, published online 14 October 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17549
ABSTRACT
Genomic resources are valuable to examine historical demographic patterns and their effects to better inform management and conservation of threatened species. We evaluated population trends and genome-wide variation in the near-threatened Orange-breasted Falcon (Falco deiroleucus) and its more common sister species, the Bat Falcon (F. rufigularis), to explore how the two species differ in genomic diversity as influenced by their contrasting long-term demographic histories. We generated and aligned whole genome resequencing data for 12 Orange-breasted Falcons and 9 Bat Falcons to an annotated Gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) reference genome that retained approximately 22.4 million biallelic autosomal SNPs (chromosomes 1–22). Our analyses indicated much lower genomic diversity in Orange-breasted Falcons compared to Bat Falcons. All sampled Orange-breasted Falcons were significantly more inbred than the sampled Bat Falcons, with values similar to those observed in island-mainland species comparisons. The distribution of runs of homozygosity showed variation suggesting long-term low population size and the possibility of bottlenecks in Orange-breasted Falcons contrasting with consistently larger populations in Bat Falcons. Analysis of genetic load suggests that Orange-breasted Falcons are less likely to experience inbreeding depression than Bat Falcons due to reduced inbreeding load but are at elevated risk from fixation of deleterious gene variants and perhaps a reduced adaptive potential. These genomic analyses highlight differences in the historical demography of two closely related species that have influenced their current genomic diversity and should result in differing strategies for their continued conservation.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17549
ABSTRACT
Genomic resources are valuable to examine historical demographic patterns and their effects to better inform management and conservation of threatened species. We evaluated population trends and genome-wide variation in the near-threatened Orange-breasted Falcon (Falco deiroleucus) and its more common sister species, the Bat Falcon (F. rufigularis), to explore how the two species differ in genomic diversity as influenced by their contrasting long-term demographic histories. We generated and aligned whole genome resequencing data for 12 Orange-breasted Falcons and 9 Bat Falcons to an annotated Gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) reference genome that retained approximately 22.4 million biallelic autosomal SNPs (chromosomes 1–22). Our analyses indicated much lower genomic diversity in Orange-breasted Falcons compared to Bat Falcons. All sampled Orange-breasted Falcons were significantly more inbred than the sampled Bat Falcons, with values similar to those observed in island-mainland species comparisons. The distribution of runs of homozygosity showed variation suggesting long-term low population size and the possibility of bottlenecks in Orange-breasted Falcons contrasting with consistently larger populations in Bat Falcons. Analysis of genetic load suggests that Orange-breasted Falcons are less likely to experience inbreeding depression than Bat Falcons due to reduced inbreeding load but are at elevated risk from fixation of deleterious gene variants and perhaps a reduced adaptive potential. These genomic analyses highlight differences in the historical demography of two closely related species that have influenced their current genomic diversity and should result in differing strategies for their continued conservation.
Xenospiza
Distracted
Can anyone explain this sentence?
"Analysis of genetic load suggests that Orange-breasted Falcons are less likely to experience inbreeding depression than Bat Falcons due to reduced inbreeding load"
But they are the more inbred and less diverse species, so I don't understand that sentence at all.
"Analysis of genetic load suggests that Orange-breasted Falcons are less likely to experience inbreeding depression than Bat Falcons due to reduced inbreeding load"
But they are the more inbred and less diverse species, so I don't understand that sentence at all.
Jacana
Will Jones
Simply put, there's a difference between inbreeding load (which is essentially the extent of deleterious mutations through inbreeding in a population) vs inbreeding depression (which is a fitness measure of the effects of those mutations).
I suppose they're saying that Orange-breasted Falcons can tolerate a higher inbreeding load than Bat Falcons before inbreeding depression kicks in.
I suppose they're saying that Orange-breasted Falcons can tolerate a higher inbreeding load than Bat Falcons before inbreeding depression kicks in.
Welsh Peregrine
Well-known member
Or that the bottlenecks which the population has passed through have largely eliminated the deleterious alleles.
albertonykus
Well-known member
Piacentini, V.Q., R.P. Prŷs-Jones, and J.F. Pacheco (2024)
On the identity of Micrastur guerilla jugularis Gurney, 1884, with lectotype designation
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 144: 451–455
doi: 10.25226/bboc.v144i4.2024.a8
Micrastur guerilla jugularis Gurney was described based on six specimens from widespread localities in South America and subsequently considered a junior synonym of Barred Forest Falcon Micrastur ruficollis (Vieillot). Nonetheless, it has not been discussed in relation to any of the taxonomic splits and descriptions of new species within the M. ruficollis clade in the last 50 years, despite being a potential senior synonym of M. mintoni Whittaker, 2003. To clarify the status of Gurney's name, here we report on the location and composition of the type series, confirm its mixed composition and, therefore, designate a lectotype that fixes the application of M. jugularis Gurney as a junior synonym of nominate M. ruficollis (Vieillot).
On the identity of Micrastur guerilla jugularis Gurney, 1884, with lectotype designation
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 144: 451–455
doi: 10.25226/bboc.v144i4.2024.a8
Micrastur guerilla jugularis Gurney was described based on six specimens from widespread localities in South America and subsequently considered a junior synonym of Barred Forest Falcon Micrastur ruficollis (Vieillot). Nonetheless, it has not been discussed in relation to any of the taxonomic splits and descriptions of new species within the M. ruficollis clade in the last 50 years, despite being a potential senior synonym of M. mintoni Whittaker, 2003. To clarify the status of Gurney's name, here we report on the location and composition of the type series, confirm its mixed composition and, therefore, designate a lectotype that fixes the application of M. jugularis Gurney as a junior synonym of nominate M. ruficollis (Vieillot).
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Is the plumage of Daptrius chimango neotenic?
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