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;[[:Category:Dicrurus|Dicrurus]] modestus | ;[[:Category:Dicrurus|Dicrurus]] modestus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 24–28 cm. (9½-11in) <br /> | |
* Deep velvety black head and underparts (unglossed except slight greenish-blue sheen on forehead and crown) | * Deep velvety black head and underparts (unglossed except slight greenish-blue sheen on forehead and crown) | ||
* Black mantle and back with faint violet-blue reflections, usually not much visible in field | * Black mantle and back with faint violet-blue reflections, usually not much visible in field | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
* Deep red eye | * Deep red eye | ||
* Strong, hook-tipped black bill | * Strong, hook-tipped black bill | ||
| − | Sexes similar, females slightly smaller. Juveniles have a pale barring on central belly and undertail-coverts and a brown eye. | + | Sexes similar, females slightly smaller. Juveniles have a pale barring on central belly and undertail-[[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]] and a brown eye. |
====Similar species==== | ====Similar species==== | ||
| − | Differs from [[Square-tailed Drongo]] and [[Shining Drongo]] by larger size, deeply forked tail and less gloss. Differs from [[Fork-tailed Drongo]] by darker underside of flight-feathers and less gloss on back and underparts. | + | Similar to [[Fanti Drongo]], but the latter has slight violet-blue gloss on the crown and mantle, whereas the former appears unglossed black on the mantle and underparts, contrasting more strongly with glossy feathers of the crown and wings. Differs from [[Square-tailed Drongo]] and [[Shining Drongo]] by larger size, deeply forked tail and less gloss. Differs from [[Fork-tailed Drongo]] by darker underside of flight-feathers and less gloss on back and underparts. |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | Islands of [[Príncipe]] and [[Bioko]] (Gulf of [[Guinea]]), and southern [[Nigeria]] to western [[Kenya]], south to northwestern [[Angola]] and central [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | Sometimes considered conspecific with [[Fork-tailed Drongo]] and [[Fanti Drongo]] | |
| − | * ''D. m. modestus'' | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| − | * ''D. m. coracinus'' | + | Two subspecies recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| − | + | * ''D. m. modestus:'' | |
| − | + | :*On [[Principe]] Island, Gulf of [[Guinea]] | |
| + | * ''D. m. coracinus:'' | ||
| + | :*[[Bioko]] and southern [[Nigeria]] east to southwestern [[Central African Republic]], extreme southwestern [[South Sudan]], and western [[Kenya]], south to [[Gabon]], central [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], and northwestern [[Angola]]. | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Forest glades and clearings. Also in plantations and parks.<br /> | Forest glades and clearings. Also in plantations and parks.<br /> | ||
Occupies high canopy in mature and old secondary forest where co-existing with [[Fork-tailed Drongo]] (which is found in understorey then). | Occupies high canopy in mature and old secondary forest where co-existing with [[Fork-tailed Drongo]] (which is found in understorey then). | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | Feeds on insects which are caught in the air. Often hunts at dusk. | + | Aggressively territorial, harassing and chasing any other animal coming to close to nest. |
| − | + | ====Diet==== | |
| − | + | Feeds on insects which are caught in the air. Often hunts at dusk. | |
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | The nest is a shallow cup made of twigs and rootlets and placed in a tree. Lays up to 3 eggs. | ||
| + | ====Movements==== | ||
A resident species. | A resident species. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thOct22}}#{{Ref-HBWVol14}}#Rocamora, G. and D. Yeatman-Berthelot (2020). Velvet-mantled Drongo (''Dicrurus modestus''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.vemdro6.01 |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Dicrurus | + | {{GSearch|"Dicrurus modestus" {{!}} "Velvet-mantled Drongo" {{!}} "Principe Drongo"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dicrurus]] [[Category:Missing Images]] | |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category: | ||
Latest revision as of 10:19, 16 September 2023
Alternative names: Forest Drongo; Principe Drongo (modestus)
- Dicrurus modestus
Identification
24–28 cm. (9½-11in)
- Deep velvety black head and underparts (unglossed except slight greenish-blue sheen on forehead and crown)
- Black mantle and back with faint violet-blue reflections, usually not much visible in field
- Blackish-brown wing with moderate gloss (looking brighter than rest of plumage)
- Long, forked tail
- Deep red eye
- Strong, hook-tipped black bill
Sexes similar, females slightly smaller. Juveniles have a pale barring on central belly and undertail-coverts and a brown eye.
Similar species
Similar to Fanti Drongo, but the latter has slight violet-blue gloss on the crown and mantle, whereas the former appears unglossed black on the mantle and underparts, contrasting more strongly with glossy feathers of the crown and wings. Differs from Square-tailed Drongo and Shining Drongo by larger size, deeply forked tail and less gloss. Differs from Fork-tailed Drongo by darker underside of flight-feathers and less gloss on back and underparts.
Distribution
Islands of Príncipe and Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), and southern Nigeria to western Kenya, south to northwestern Angola and central Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Taxonomy
Sometimes considered conspecific with Fork-tailed Drongo and Fanti Drongo
Subspecies
Two subspecies recognized[1]:
- D. m. modestus:
- D. m. coracinus:
- Bioko and southern Nigeria east to southwestern Central African Republic, extreme southwestern South Sudan, and western Kenya, south to Gabon, central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and northwestern Angola.
Habitat
Forest glades and clearings. Also in plantations and parks.
Occupies high canopy in mature and old secondary forest where co-existing with Fork-tailed Drongo (which is found in understorey then).
Behaviour
Aggressively territorial, harassing and chasing any other animal coming to close to nest.
Diet
Feeds on insects which are caught in the air. Often hunts at dusk.
Breeding
The nest is a shallow cup made of twigs and rootlets and placed in a tree. Lays up to 3 eggs.
Movements
A resident species.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2009. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553507
- Rocamora, G. and D. Yeatman-Berthelot (2020). Velvet-mantled Drongo (Dicrurus modestus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.vemdro6.01
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Velvet-mantled Drongo. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 20 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Velvet-mantled_Drongo
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
