Tundra Swan

Cygnus columbianus

Photo by Paul Tavares
Photo taken: Hamilton Harbour. Ontario.

Identification

48-55" (1.2-1.4 m). Large, all white; bill black, usually with small yellow spot in front of eye. Rare Trumpeter Swan is larger and lacks yellow on bill. Holds neck straight up, unlike Mute Swan, which bends its neck in a graceful curve.

Distribution

Birds from European Russia east to the Taymyr Peninsula migrate across the White Sea and Baltic to winter in North-Western Europe from Denmark and north Germany to Belgium and in parts of England and Ireland. Small numbers winter in north-west France and in the Camargue. Main passage periods are March-April and October-November. Wintering sites are usually traditionally used areas but in severe weather there may be considerable wandering.

Recorded as a vagrant north to Svalbard and Bear Island, to most mainland European countries and south to Cyprus, North Africa and Jordan.

Taxonomy

ALSO KNOWN AS BEWICKS SWAN includes subspecies bewickii by some elevated to species status as Bewick's Swan. In the region breeds only on the coasts of Arctic Russia, on Ostrov Kolguyev and Novaya Zemlya.

Habitat

Breeds on pools and lakes in areas of open swampy tundra, sometimes along slow-flowing rivers or on sheltered sea-coasts. On passage on lakes and rivers, sometimes on coasts, and in winter in wetland areas with open water and often flooded fields. These long-established wintering grounds may not be occupied for the entire winter but may be used as a base from which the birds look for new feeding areas.

Behaviour

Nesting 4-6 creamy-white eggs placed on a large mound of grass and moss on an island or beside a marshy tundra lake.

Bird Song

<flashmp3>Cygnus columbianus (song).mp3</flashmp3>
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External Links

Search for photos of Tundra Swan in the gallery

• View more images of this species on Orientalbirdimages