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| | [[Image:807swren.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Sedge Wren (''stellaris'' subspecies) group<br />Photo © by {{user|mcdomik|mcdomik}}<br />Pheasant Branch Conservancy Middleton, WI, [[USA]]]] | | [[Image:807swren.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Sedge Wren (''stellaris'' subspecies) group<br />Photo © by {{user|mcdomik|mcdomik}}<br />Pheasant Branch Conservancy Middleton, WI, [[USA]]]] |
| − | ;[[:Category:Cistothorus|Cistothorus]] platensis | + | ;[[:Category:Cistothorus|Cistothorus]] stellaris |
| − | '''Includes: Grass Wren'''
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| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| | 10-12cm (4")<br /> | | 10-12cm (4")<br /> |
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| | '''Juvenile:''' Similar to adults but overall warmer, more buffy with less defined facial markings and usually dark bill. | | '''Juvenile:''' Similar to adults but overall warmer, more buffy with less defined facial markings and usually dark bill. |
| | ==Distribution== | | ==Distribution== |
| − | [[Image:Grass-Wren_by_Ecuadorrebel.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Paramo Wren ''aequatorialis'' group<br />Photo © by {{user|Ecuadorrebel|Ecuadorrebel}}<br />Cotopaxi, [[Ecuador]], September 2010]]
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| − | [[USA]] and [[Canada]]: Main breeding range in the [[U.S.]] from [[North Dakota]] and southern [[Manitoba]] east to southwestern [[Ontario]] and [[Michigan]] south to eastern [[Nebraska]] east to [[Indiana]]. Localized in [[Ohio]], [[New York]], [[Vermont]] and [[New Jersey]]. Winters in eastern [[Texas]], [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], and [[Florida]].<br /> | + | [[USA]] and [[Canada]]: Main breeding range in the [[U.S.]] from [[North Dakota]] and southern [[Manitoba]] east to southwestern [[Ontario]] and [[Michigan]] south to eastern [[Nebraska]] east to [[Indiana]]. Localized in [[Ohio]], [[New York]], [[Vermont]] and [[New Jersey]]. Winters in eastern [[Texas]], [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], and [[Florida]] as well as in northeast [[Mexico]]. |
| − | [[Central America]]: from [[Mexico]] to western [[Panama]]. <br />
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| − | [[South America]]: In the north limited to mountain ranges, but in the southern cone more widespread; also found in the [[Falkland Islands]].
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| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| − | There are numerous subspecies. These are sometimes divided into two main groups which sometimes are considered as separate species: The Sedge Wren (''Cistothorus stellaris'') from North America and the '''Grass Wren''' (''Cistothorus platensis'') from South America.
| + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. |
| − | ====Subspecies====
| + | |
| − | Taxonomy is complex with the 18-20 recognized races traditionally organized into three to five geographical groups: ''stellaris'' from [[USA]] and [[Canada]], the [[Central America|Middle America]] group from [[Mexico]] to western [[Panama]], the ''polyglottus'' group from the Andes and other mountains in northern [[South America]], the ''platensis'' group of [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]], and the ''falklandicus'' group from the [[Falkland Islands]]. However Robbins & Nyári (2014)<sup>[[#References|[6]]]</sup> proposed recognition of nine species within a broadly defined'' platensis''. Clements et al. (2017)<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> and Kroodsma et al. (2018)<sup>[[#References|[4]]]</sup> provisionally recognize these proposed nine species as subspecies groups.
| + | Formerly included [[Grass Wren]]. |
| − | [[Image:Grass Wren 7.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Austral Wren group, ''falklandicus'' subspecies. <br />Photo © by {{user|crispash|crispash }}<br />Near Lighthouse, Stanley, [[Falkland Islands]], March 2005]]
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| − | [[Image:SedgeWrenIMG 1660.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile of the Austral Wren group, ''falklandicus'' subspecies. <br />Photo © by {{user|jmorlan|Joseph Morlan}}<br />Gypsy Cove, Stanley, [[Falkland Islands]], 3 March 2018]]
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| − | '''Sedge Wren''' Group - US & Canada
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| − | *''C. p. stellaris (Northern): Eastern [[Canada]] to eastern [[US]]; winters [[Florida]] to north-eastern [[Mexico]]<br />
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| − | '''Grass Wren''' Group - Highlands of Middle America
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| − | *''C. p. tinnulus'': Western [[Mexico]] (Nayarit to Michoacán, México and Distrito Federal)
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| − | *''C. p. potosinus'': North-central Mexico (San Luis Potosí)
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| − | *''C. p. jalapensis'': Eastern Mexico (interior central Veracruz to Orizaba region)
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| − | *''C. p. warneri'': Tropical southern Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco and western Chiapas)
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| − | *''C. p. elegans'': South-central [[Guatemala]]
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| − | *''C. p. russelli'': Pine ridge region of [[Belize]]
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| − | *''C. p. graberi'': Eastern [[Honduras]] to north-eastern [[Nicaragua]]
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| − | *''C. p. lucidus'': Subtropical central [[Costa Rica]] to western [[Panama]] (Chiriquí)<br />
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| − | '''Venezuelan Wren''' Group - Tepuis of Venezuela.
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| − | *''C. p. alticola'': Mountains of northern [[Colombia]] to northern [[Venezuela]]; southern [[Guyana]] <br />
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| − | '''Paramo Wren''' Group - Paramos of Andean Venezuela, Colombia south to N Peru.
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| − | *''C. p. aequatorialis'': Central and Western Andes of southern Colombia and [[Ecuador]]<br />
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| − | '''Junin Wren''' Group - Highlands of N Peru, Junin.
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| − | *''C. p. graminicola'': Andes from southern [[Ecuador]] south through [[Peru]] to northwestern [[Bolivia]] (La Paz)<br />
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| − | '''Puna Wren''' Group - Ayacucho Peru to Altiplano of Bolivia.
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| − | *''C. p. minimus'': Southern [[Peru]] in Puno (Oconeque)<br />
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| − | '''Tucuman Wren''' Group - Santa Cruz, Bolivia south to Cordoba, Argentina.
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| − | *''C. p. tucumanus'': North-western Argentina (Jujuy to Catamarca and Tucumán)<br />
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| − | '''Pampas Wren''' Group - Lowlands of Bolivia east through Paraguay and S Brazil south through Uruguay to central Argentina.
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| − | *''C. p. polyglottus'': South-eastern [[Brazil]] (Goiás and Minas Gerais) to [[Paraguay]] and north-eastern [[Argentina]]
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| − | *''C. p. platensis'': Central and eastern Argentina to Córdoba and Mendoza<br />
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| − | '''Austral Wren''' Group - Chile, Pagagonia & the Falklands
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| − | *''C. p. hornensis'': Southern Argentina (Neuquén) and [[Chile]] (Coquimbo) to Tierra del Fuego
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| − | *''C. p. falklandicus'': [[Falkland Islands]]
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| | ==Habitat== | | ==Habitat== |
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| | The diet includes insects and spiders. | | The diet includes insects and spiders. |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Herkert, J. R., D. E. Kroodsma, and J. P. Gibbs (2001). Sedge Wren (''Cistothorus platensis''), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.582 | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}Herkert, J. R., D. E. Kroodsma, and J. P. Gibbs (2021). Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sedwre1.01 |
| | #Jaramillo, A. (2014) Sedge Wren Shakeup!! (retrieved from http://alvarosadventures.com/sedge-wren-shakeup/ on 24 May 2018) | | #Jaramillo, A. (2014) Sedge Wren Shakeup!! (retrieved from http://alvarosadventures.com/sedge-wren-shakeup/ on 24 May 2018) |
| − | #Kroodsma, D., Brewer, D., Marks, J.S. & Kirwan, G.M. (2018). Grass Wren (''Cistothorus platensis''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/58115 on 23 May 2018)
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| − | #Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, C. D. Cadena, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version [May 2018]. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
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| − | #Robbins, M.B. & Nyári, Á.S. (2014) Canada to Tierra del Fuego: species limits and historical biogeography of the Sedge Wren (''Cistothorus platensis''). Wilson J. Orn. 126(4): 649–662.
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| − | #Traylor, M. A. 1988. Geographic variation and evolution in South American ''Cistothorus platensis'' (Aves: Troglodytidae). [https://archive.org/details/geographicvariat48tray Fieldiana Zool. no. 48:1-35.]
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| | {{ref}} | | {{ref}} |
| | | | |
| | ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| − | {{GSearch|Cistothorus+platensis}} | + | {{GSearch|"Sedge Wren"}} |
| | + | {{GS-checked}}<br /><br /> |
| | + | <!--- Comment to editors: I chose to use the common name only because there will be tons of images of this species with the pre-split scientific name and none with the new name ---> |
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| | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Cistothorus]] | | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Cistothorus]] |
Sedge Wren (
stellaris subspecies) group
Photo © by
mcdomikPheasant Branch Conservancy Middleton, WI,
USA- Cistothorus stellaris
Identification
10-12cm (4")
Adult: Brown upperparts, light brown belly and flanks, white throat and breast. The back has pale streaks. Dark cap with pale streaks, a faint line over the eye and a short thin pale bill. Sexes alike. Very hard to see, much easier to locate by sound.
Juvenile: Similar to adults but overall warmer, more buffy with less defined facial markings and usually dark bill.
Distribution
USA and Canada: Main breeding range in the U.S. from North Dakota and southern Manitoba east to southwestern Ontario and Michigan south to eastern Nebraska east to Indiana. Localized in Ohio, New York, Vermont and New Jersey. Winters in eastern Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Florida as well as in northeast Mexico.
Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species[1].
Formerly included Grass Wren.
Habitat
Wet meadows and marsh edges.
Behaviour
Breeding
The male builds the nest which is rounded, with a side entrance, well hidden, and attached to low vegetation. 2-8 white eggs are laid.
Diet
The diet includes insects and spiders.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Herkert, J. R., D. E. Kroodsma, and J. P. Gibbs (2021). Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sedwre1.01
- Jaramillo, A. (2014) Sedge Wren Shakeup!! (retrieved from http://alvarosadventures.com/sedge-wren-shakeup/ on 24 May 2018)
Recommended Citation
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
