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Difference between revisions of "Mistletoebird" - BirdForum Opus

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{{incomplete}}
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[[Image:824 Mistletoebird.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|peterday|peterday}}<br />Windy Point Quarry, Adelaide, [[South Australia]] September 2015]]
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[[Image:MTBird.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by Tony Brown]]
 
 
;[[:Category:Dicaeum|Dicaeum]] hirundinaceum
 
;[[:Category:Dicaeum|Dicaeum]] hirundinaceum
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'''Includes Salvadori's Flowerpecker'''
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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10-11cm.  Blue-black, red chest, slight red undertail, and a black centre stripe running down its white belly.  The female is dark grey, with only a light grey belly and just a touch of red under the tail.
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[[Image:1620 Mistletoebird 10h.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|peterday|peterday}}<br />Manning Flora and Fauna Reserve, [[South Australia]] September 2019]]
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9 cm (3½ in)
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* plumage bluish-black  
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*chin and chest red or reddish (Moluccan subspecies)
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*undertail red or pinkish (Moluccan subspecies)
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*belly white or reddish buff (Moluccan subspecies)
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*belly with black centre stripe  
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'''Female'''
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*upperparts dark grey
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*belly light grey  
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*undertail with a slight red tinge
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'''Juvenile''' has an orange bill with a black tip
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 
[[Australia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], and eastern [[Indonesia]].  
 
[[Australia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], and eastern [[Indonesia]].  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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[[Image:Mistletoe Bird 2 1 of 1 .jpg|thumb|350px|right|Sub-adult male<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Ken+Doy|Ken Doy}}<br />Sandy Camp Rd Wetlands, [[Queensland]], [[Australia]], June 2018]]
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Moluccan island subspecies have quite different plumage. Reference [[#References|[4]]] elevates these (''kiense'', ''fulgidum'') as "Salvadori's Flowerpecker" (''D. kiense'').
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====Subspecies====
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There are 4 subspecies [[#References|[1]]], some of which might be better elevated to specific status:
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*''D. h. kiense'': "'''Salvadori's Flowerpecker'''". Southern Wallacea (Watubela, Tayandu and Kai islands) [male underparts suffused with pinkish than Australian Mistletoebird; red of throat/chest and undertail less saturated, more pinkish. Female similar to Australian Mistletoebird, perhaps with stronger grey streaking on flanks, undertail paler pink]
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*''D. h. fulgidum'': "'''Salvadori's Flowerpecker'''". Tanimbar Island (Yamdena, Larat and Lutu) [thicker central belly stripe than ''kiense'', warmer buff underparts. Female browner than ''kiense'' with warmer buff vent area]
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*''D. h. ignicolle'': Aru Islands
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*''D. h. hirundinaceum'': Islands in Torres Strait and treed areas of mainland [[Australia]]
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==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Trees and shrubs.  
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[[File:20210223- MG 9621.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|thunor|thunor}}<br />Cobar, [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], 23 February 2021]]
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Trees and shrubs; anywhere where mistletoe grows.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
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Diet includes the berries of the mistletoe plant, as well as nectar, pollen, spiders, and insects.
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====Diet====
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Their diet consists of mistletoe berries, fruit, nectar, pollen, spiders, moths, .
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====Breeding====
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Both adults build the nest<sup>*</sup> of crushed plants, palm threads and spider webs.
  
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<sup>*</sup>Most on-line sources state that only the female builds the nest, but [http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=430459 this picture] shows a male collecting nesting material from a palm.
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==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Bird Forum Member observations
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#Cheke, R., J. del Hoyo, N. Collar, C. Mann, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Mistletoebird (Dicaeum hirundinaceum), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.mistle1.01
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#{{Ref-Eatonetal21}}
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{{ref}}
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==External Links==
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{{GSearch|"Dicaeum hirundinaceum" {{!}} "Mistletoebird"}}
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{{GS-checked}}1
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<br />
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<br />
  
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The female builds the nest of crushed plants and spider webs, and incubates the eggs. 
 
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==External Links==
 
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{{GSearch|Dicaeum+hirundinaceum}}
 
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*[http://www.aviceda.org/abid/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&fid=79&bid=1434 View more images of this species on the ABID]
 
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dicaeum]]
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dicaeum]]

Latest revision as of 17:36, 17 August 2023

Photo © by peterday
Windy Point Quarry, Adelaide, South Australia September 2015
Dicaeum hirundinaceum

Includes Salvadori's Flowerpecker

Identification

Female
Photo © by peterday
Manning Flora and Fauna Reserve, South Australia September 2019

9 cm (3½ in)

  • plumage bluish-black
  • chin and chest red or reddish (Moluccan subspecies)
  • undertail red or pinkish (Moluccan subspecies)
  • belly white or reddish buff (Moluccan subspecies)
  • belly with black centre stripe

Female

  • upperparts dark grey
  • belly light grey
  • undertail with a slight red tinge

Juvenile has an orange bill with a black tip

Distribution

Australia, Papua New Guinea, and eastern Indonesia.

Taxonomy

Sub-adult male
Photo © by Ken Doy
Sandy Camp Rd Wetlands, Queensland, Australia, June 2018

Moluccan island subspecies have quite different plumage. Reference [4] elevates these (kiense, fulgidum) as "Salvadori's Flowerpecker" (D. kiense).

Subspecies

There are 4 subspecies [1], some of which might be better elevated to specific status:

  • D. h. kiense: "Salvadori's Flowerpecker". Southern Wallacea (Watubela, Tayandu and Kai islands) [male underparts suffused with pinkish than Australian Mistletoebird; red of throat/chest and undertail less saturated, more pinkish. Female similar to Australian Mistletoebird, perhaps with stronger grey streaking on flanks, undertail paler pink]
  • D. h. fulgidum: "Salvadori's Flowerpecker". Tanimbar Island (Yamdena, Larat and Lutu) [thicker central belly stripe than kiense, warmer buff underparts. Female browner than kiense with warmer buff vent area]
  • D. h. ignicolle: Aru Islands
  • D. h. hirundinaceum: Islands in Torres Strait and treed areas of mainland Australia

Habitat

Juvenile
Photo © by thunor
Cobar, New South Wales, Australia, 23 February 2021

Trees and shrubs; anywhere where mistletoe grows.

Behaviour

Diet

Their diet consists of mistletoe berries, fruit, nectar, pollen, spiders, moths, .

Breeding

Both adults build the nest* of crushed plants, palm threads and spider webs.

*Most on-line sources state that only the female builds the nest, but this picture shows a male collecting nesting material from a palm.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Bird Forum Member observations
  3. Cheke, R., J. del Hoyo, N. Collar, C. Mann, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Mistletoebird (Dicaeum hirundinaceum), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.mistle1.01
  4. Eaton, JA, B van Balen, NW Brickle, FE Rheindt 2021. Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago (Greater Sundas and Wallacea), Second Edition. Lynx Editions. ISBN978-84-16728-44-2

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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