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| − | [[Image:Elepaio.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user| | + | [[Image:Elepaio.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|janruss |janruss }} <br />Kipuka Puaulu (Bird Park) near the Volcano House on the Big Island, [[Hawaii]], March 2008]] |
'''Alternative name Hawaiian Monarch''' | '''Alternative name Hawaiian Monarch''' | ||
;[[:Category:Chasiempis|Chasiempis]] sandwichensis | ;[[:Category:Chasiempis|Chasiempis]] sandwichensis | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 14 cm (5½ in). | |
| − | *Brown | + | *Brown upperparts |
| − | *White | + | *Mottled grey/white/brown breast and flanks |
| + | *White throat, males with black collar and chin | ||
*White rump | *White rump | ||
*Dark wings with white bars | *Dark wings with white bars | ||
| − | *Long | + | *Long brownish-black tail |
'''Juvenile''' | '''Juvenile''' | ||
| − | * | + | *Muted colors with brown above and white/grey below |
There is variation in colour amongst the subspecies. | There is variation in colour amongst the subspecies. | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[Hawaii]]. | [[Hawaii]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | There are | + | [[Oahu Elepaio]] and [[Kauai Elepaio]] were formerly included in this species. |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | There are 3 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''C.s. sandwichensis'': Kona coast) | ||
| + | :*Drier areas of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) | ||
| + | *''C.s. bryani'': (Mauna Kea) | ||
| + | :*Mamame-naio forests on Mauna Kea (Hawaii) | ||
| + | *''C.s. ridgwayi'': Hilo coast | ||
| + | :*Wetter areas of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Forests. | + | Forests, from ground level to just below the canopy. Usually the only native forest bird frequently seen on the ground or on ground-level plants and ferns. |
| + | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | The diet | + | ====Diet==== |
| + | The diet consists mostly of insects and spiders. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | They build small cup-shaped nests from grasses, rootlets, and lichens, held together by spider webs. The clutch consists of 2 eggs which are incubated for 18 days. | ||
| + | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | Squeaky/wheezy voice resembles a "rubber ducky".<br /> | ||
| + | '''Calls''' include repeated squeaky agitated muttering, barks/shouts ("CHUP! CHUP! CHUP!"), wheezy "WHEEE-oh" "WUH WHEEE-oh" calls, developing into longer whistled calls which can occasionally sound like ''el-e-pai-o.'' | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | Native Birds of Hawaii | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#[http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1525/auk.2010.127.3.726 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds] |
| + | #Native Birds of Hawaii | ||
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Sept 2017) | ||
| + | #BF Member observations | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Chasiempis | + | {{GSearch|"Chasiempis sandwichensis" {{!}} "Hawaii Elepaio"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Chasiempis]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Chasiempis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:19, 4 June 2023
Alternative name Hawaiian Monarch
- Chasiempis sandwichensis
Identification
14 cm (5½ in).
- Brown upperparts
- Mottled grey/white/brown breast and flanks
- White throat, males with black collar and chin
- White rump
- Dark wings with white bars
- Long brownish-black tail
Juvenile
- Muted colors with brown above and white/grey below
There is variation in colour amongst the subspecies.
Distribution
Taxonomy
Oahu Elepaio and Kauai Elepaio were formerly included in this species.
Subspecies
There are 3 subspecies[1]:
- C.s. sandwichensis: Kona coast)
- Drier areas of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)
- C.s. bryani: (Mauna Kea)
- Mamame-naio forests on Mauna Kea (Hawaii)
- C.s. ridgwayi: Hilo coast
- Wetter areas of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)
Habitat
Forests, from ground level to just below the canopy. Usually the only native forest bird frequently seen on the ground or on ground-level plants and ferns.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet consists mostly of insects and spiders.
Breeding
They build small cup-shaped nests from grasses, rootlets, and lichens, held together by spider webs. The clutch consists of 2 eggs which are incubated for 18 days.
Vocalisation
Squeaky/wheezy voice resembles a "rubber ducky".
Calls include repeated squeaky agitated muttering, barks/shouts ("CHUP! CHUP! CHUP!"), wheezy "WHEEE-oh" "WUH WHEEE-oh" calls, developing into longer whistled calls which can occasionally sound like el-e-pai-o.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds
- Native Birds of Hawaii
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Sept 2017)
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Hawaii Elepaio. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 2 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Hawaii_Elepaio
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
