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Includes: Ventriloquial Oriole
- Oriolus xanthonotus
Identification
17-19 cm. Fairly typical small oriole, male distinguished by black "hood".
- underparts with coarse black spots aligned longitudinally to form loose streaks
- lower back, upper and under tail coverts yellow
- tail dark with under tail terminal yellow spots on central feathers
- bill pink
- eye (dark) red
- eye ring narrow, may appear grey or yellowish
- legs and feet grey
Male
- head, wings and chest black forming a "hood"
- tail black where not yellow
- back and mantle yellow
Female
- crown may have light longitudinal streaking
- chest and throat streaked like rest of underparts
- greener (more olive) than male, for example on upper tail
- upper parts mostly olive green or greyish. Head generally more grey than mantle, wings
- primaries dark
Distribution
Southeast Asia: found in Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Malay Peninsula, Brunei, Philippines, Borneo, Indonesia, Greater Sundas, Sumatra and Java.
Taxonomy
Subspecies consobrinus and persuasus form a deeply genetically divergent clade which may be elevated as "Ventriloquial Oriole", O. consobrinus leaving mentawi and xanthonotus as "Dark-throated Oriole" (strict sense), O. xanthonotus (e.g. [6]). They exhibit vocal and female plumage differences from the other taxa [5].
Subspecies
Clements recognises the following subspecies [1]:
- O. x. xanthonotus: Southern Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, south-western Borneo and Java
- O. x. consobrinus: "Ventriloquial Oriole". Borneo and adjacent islands. [Male greener. Female with a markedly dark greyer-green head]
- O. x. mentawi: Mentawi Archipelago and adjacent islands off Sumatra. [Female with darker crown with blackish feather centres]
- O. x. persuasus: "Ventriloquial Oriole". South-western Philippines (Palawan and Culion)
Habitat
Lowland evergreen and swamp forest and forest edges to 1,220m.
Behaviour
The diet includes fruit and insects.
References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
- Avibase
- BirdLife International
- Bird Ecology Study Group
- Eaton, JA, B van Balen, NW Brickle, FE Rheindt 2021. Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago (Greater Sundas and Wallacea), Second Edition. Lynx Editions. ISBN978-84-16728-44-2
- Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v 13.2). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.13.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Dark-throated Oriole. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 6 December 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Dark-throated_Oriole
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
