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| − | [[Image:Bridled_Tern.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|kuwaity|kuwaity}}<br />Kubbar island, [[Kuwait]], May, 2004]] | + | [[Image:Bridled_Tern.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo © by {{user|kuwaity|kuwaity}}<br />Kubbar island, [[Kuwait]], May, 2004]] |
;[[:Category:Onychoprion|Onychoprion]] anaethetus | ;[[:Category:Onychoprion|Onychoprion]] anaethetus | ||
''Sterna anaethetus'' | ''Sterna anaethetus'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | [[Image:D3A 1787 800.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|AJDH|AJDH}}<br />Jarim Islands, [[Arabia|Arabian Gulf]], June 2009]] | ||
35–38 cm (13¾-15 in) | 35–38 cm (13¾-15 in) | ||
*Brownish-grey upperparts | *Brownish-grey upperparts | ||
*Narrow white forehead patch, extending behind eye | *Narrow white forehead patch, extending behind eye | ||
| − | |||
*Black [[Topography#Heads|loral]] stripe | *Black [[Topography#Heads|loral]] stripe | ||
*May show pale collar | *May show pale collar | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
*Pale underparts | *Pale underparts | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | [[Image:Bridled-tern-juv-by NJLarsen.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile of subspecies ''melanopterus''<br />Photo © by {{user|NJLarsen|NJLarsen}}<br />[[Puerto Rico]], 24 July 2007]] | ||
[[Mexico]], the [[Caribbean]] and west [[Africa]]; other races occur around [[Arabia]] and in Southeast [[Asia]] and [[Australasia]]. | [[Mexico]], the [[Caribbean]] and west [[Africa]]; other races occur around [[Arabia]] and in Southeast [[Asia]] and [[Australasia]]. | ||
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<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| − | [[Image:22075829442 69b75db991 c.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Non-breeding adult<br />Photo by {{user|SeeToh|SeeToh}}<br />Straits of [[Singapore]], October 2015]] | + | [[Image:22075829442 69b75db991 c.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Non-breeding adult<br />Photo © by {{user|SeeToh|SeeToh}}<br />Straits of [[Singapore]], October 2015]] |
| − | There are | + | There are 4 subspecies recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
*''O. a. melanopterus'': | *''O. a. melanopterus'': | ||
| − | :* | + | :*tropical North Atlantic ([[West Indies]], [[Belize]] and islands off [[Venezuela]]; coastal western [[Africa]] |
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| − | |||
*''O. a. antarcticus'': | *''O. a. antarcticus'': | ||
| − | :*[[Madagascar]], Aldabra, [[Seychelles]], Mascarene and Andaman islands | + | :*Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Ocean (including [[Madagascar]], Aldabra, [[Seychelles]], Mascarene and Andaman islands) east to the Maldives and Chagos Islands |
*''O. a. anaethetus'': | *''O. a. anaethetus'': | ||
:*Ryukyu Island, [[Taiwan]], [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Australia]] | :*Ryukyu Island, [[Taiwan]], [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Australia]] | ||
*''O. a. nelsoni'': | *''O. a. nelsoni'': | ||
:*West coast of [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] | :*West coast of [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] | ||
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==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
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The diet consists of fish, squid, crustaceans and aquatic insects. | The diet consists of fish, squid, crustaceans and aquatic insects. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 |
| − | |||
#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2015) | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2015) | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Tern+ | + | {{GSearch|Tern+anaethet*}} |
| − | <br /> | + | {{GS-checked}}<br /><br /> |
| − | |||
| − | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Onychoprion | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Onychoprion]] |
Latest revision as of 00:22, 9 January 2022
- Onychoprion anaethetus
Sterna anaethetus
Identification
35–38 cm (13¾-15 in)
- Brownish-grey upperparts
- Narrow white forehead patch, extending behind eye
- Black loral stripe
- May show pale collar
- White underparts
- Black legs and bill
- Long deeply forked tail
Juvenile:
- Scaly grey upperparts
- Pale underparts
Distribution
Mexico, the Caribbean and west Africa; other races occur around Arabia and in Southeast Asia and Australasia.
Scarce vagrant to British Isles, usually during the summer.
Taxonomy
Sooty Tern, Bridled Tern, Grey-backed Tern and Aleutian Tern are each others closest relatives; all four were included in the genus Sterna in the past. [1].
Subspecies
There are 4 subspecies recognized[1]:
- O. a. melanopterus:
- tropical North Atlantic (West Indies, Belize and islands off Venezuela; coastal western Africa
- O. a. antarcticus:
- Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Ocean (including Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Mascarene and Andaman islands) east to the Maldives and Chagos Islands
- O. a. anaethetus:
- Ryukyu Island, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia and Australia
- O. a. nelsoni:
- West coast of Mexico and Central America
Habitat
Oceans; breeds on coral beaches and rocky islands.
Behaviour
Breeding
The single egg is laid in a ground scrape or hole.
Diet
The diet consists of fish, squid, crustaceans and aquatic insects.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2015)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Bridled Tern. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 19 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Bridled_Tern
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
