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[[Image:Black-backed_Puffback.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{User|Leon|Leon}} <br />Location: Pretoria, [[South Africa]]. June 2004.]] | [[Image:Black-backed_Puffback.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{User|Leon|Leon}} <br />Location: Pretoria, [[South Africa]]. June 2004.]] | ||
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;[[:Category:Dryoscopus|Dryoscopus]] cubla | ;[[:Category:Dryoscopus|Dryoscopus]] cubla | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
− | Length 17- | + | Length 17-18cm; Weight 19-36g.<br /> |
− | + | Eyes yellow, orange or red; bill black; legs and feet grey.<br /> | |
− | Size smaller than [[Fiscal Shrike]]; tail relatively short; mainly black-and-white. <br /> '''Male''': Above black; rump grayish white; no white eyebrow; wings black-and-white; below white; tail black. Named from the loose feathers on the male's rump and lower back. <br /> '''Female''': Similar to male, but less intensely black; white areas more buff or grayish white.<br /> '''Immature''': Deep buff olive where adults white. | + | Size smaller than [[Fiscal Shrike]]; tail relatively short; mainly black-and-white. <br /> |
− | + | '''Male''': Above black; rump grayish white; no white eyebrow; wings black-and-white; below white; tail black. Named from the loose feathers on the male's rump and lower back. <br /> | |
− | + | '''Female''': Similar to male, but less intensely black; white areas more buff or grayish white.<br /> | |
− | + | '''Immature''': Deep buff olive where adults white. | |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[Africa]] south of 5°N.<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> | [[Africa]] south of 5°N.<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
− | + | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>==== | |
− | *''D. c. affinis'' | + | ''Dryoscopus cubla'' has five subspecies: |
− | *''D. c. nairobiensis'' | + | *''D. c. affinis'': |
− | *''D. c. hamatus'' | + | :*Coastal [[Somalia]] and [[Kenya]] to northern [[Tanzania]], [[Zanzibar]], Mafia Island |
− | *''D. c. okavangensis'' | + | *''D. c. nairobiensis'': |
− | *''D. c. cubla'' | + | :*Central [[Kenya]] to north-eastern [[Tanzania]] |
+ | *''D. c. hamatus'': | ||
+ | :*Southern [[Kenya]] to [[Mozambique]], northern [[Angola]] and north-eastern [[South Africa]] | ||
+ | *''D. c. okavangensis'': | ||
+ | :*North-western Cape Province to [[Namibia]], southern [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Zambia]] | ||
+ | *''D. c. cubla'': | ||
+ | :*Natal to Cape Province | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Woodland, thicket and forest. | Woodland, thicket and forest. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
+ | '''Male's Display''': The male puffs out the white rump feathers "to form a remarkable white ball, then bows, droops vibrating wings, and spreads tail. He makes short 'butterfly' flights with the puff expanded, and may drop vertically through the air with raised wings. Courting birds audibly click their wings" (Zimmerman ''et al.'' 1996). | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
The diet includes invertebrates, eaten on the wing. | The diet includes invertebrates, eaten on the wing. | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
They nest in a tree or shrub and 2-3 cream eggs are laid. | They nest in a tree or shrub and 2-3 cream eggs are laid. | ||
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− | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | + | {{Ref-Clements6thDec09}}#Sinclair I & Ryan P. 2003. ''Birds of Africa south of the Sahara''. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0620207299 | |
− | # Sinclair I & Ryan P. 2003. ''Birds of Africa south of the Sahara''. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0620207299 | + | {{ref}} |
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Dryoscopus+cubla}} | {{GSearch|Dryoscopus+cubla}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dryoscopus]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dryoscopus]] |
Revision as of 18:40, 19 December 2009
- Dryoscopus cubla
Identification
Length 17-18cm; Weight 19-36g.
Eyes yellow, orange or red; bill black; legs and feet grey.
Size smaller than Fiscal Shrike; tail relatively short; mainly black-and-white.
Male: Above black; rump grayish white; no white eyebrow; wings black-and-white; below white; tail black. Named from the loose feathers on the male's rump and lower back.
Female: Similar to male, but less intensely black; white areas more buff or grayish white.
Immature: Deep buff olive where adults white.
Distribution
Taxonomy
Subspecies[1]
Dryoscopus cubla has five subspecies:
- D. c. affinis:
- D. c. nairobiensis:
- D. c. hamatus:
- Southern Kenya to Mozambique, northern Angola and north-eastern South Africa
- D. c. okavangensis:
- D. c. cubla:
- Natal to Cape Province
Habitat
Woodland, thicket and forest.
Behaviour
Male's Display: The male puffs out the white rump feathers "to form a remarkable white ball, then bows, droops vibrating wings, and spreads tail. He makes short 'butterfly' flights with the puff expanded, and may drop vertically through the air with raised wings. Courting birds audibly click their wings" (Zimmerman et al. 1996).
Diet
The diet includes invertebrates, eaten on the wing.
Breeding
They nest in a tree or shrub and 2-3 cream eggs are laid.
References
Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- Sinclair I & Ryan P. 2003. Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0620207299
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black-backed Puffback. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black-backed_Puffback