Patuxent National Wildlife Research Refuge

From GORP: No other national wildlife refuge is like it; nor is there another that is comparable to it in the entire world. Patuxent Research Refuge in Maryland is unique, to say the least. Established almost 60 years ago, Patuxent has seen several changes in name and a tripling of its original size, but its purpose has remained the same: to support wildlife research.

Overview

"Research Is Our Mission"

Established in 1936 by executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Patuxent Research Refuge is the Nation's only National Wildlife Refuge established to support wildlife research. Today most of the research on the refuge is conducted by the US Geological Survey (USGS) through the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.

With land surrounding the Patuxent and Little Patuxent Rivers between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, MD, the Refuge has grown from the original 2,670 acres to its present size of 12,841 acres and encompasses land formerly managed by the Departments of Agriculture and Defense. Throughout decades of change, Patuxent's mission of conserving and protecting the nation's wildlife and habitat through research and wildlife management techniques has remained virtually unchanged.

Patuxent National Wildlife Research Refuge is operated by the U.S. government's Fish and Wildlife Service. It is located on a plot of land in central Maryland and was established for the purpose of conducting research related to preserving endangered species.

Patuxent NWR was where the studies were conducted that determined that the pesticide DDT was responsible for the precipitous drops in the populations of Bald Eagles, Peregrine Falcons and other bird species. In addition, Patuxent NWR is also instrumental in the preservation of the Whooping Crane.

Patuxent NWR is reportedly the largest block of undeveloped land on the east coast between Boston and North Carolina

Patuxent Research Refuge is divided into three areas:

• North Tract, which offers hunting, fishing, wildlife observation, trails, and many interpretive programs
• Central Tract, where the offices and study sites of the many research biologists are located at the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• South Tract, where the National Wildlife Visitor Center and its trails are located. The National Wildlife Visitor Center and North Tract are the only areas open for visitor activities.

Birding Checklist

The seasonal occurrence and habitats of the various species are coded as follows: 1. Where: (Preferred habitat at the Refuge) E - Edge (woods, hedgerows, thickets) F - Forest/Woods FC - Predominately Coniferous FD - Predominately Deciduous FM - Mixed conif. & decid. O - Open area (fields, clearings) S - Sky W - Wet area WL - Lake, Pond WR - River, Stream WW - Wetland, Marsh

1. - Throughout the Refuge

2. When: (Time of year found at the Refuge) Y - Year-round resident M - Migrates through area MS - Springly Migrant MF - Fall Migrant MB - Both Spring & Fall S - Summer SR - Summer Resident (may breed at Refuge) SR$ - Confirmed breeding WV - Winter visitor %S - Southern extent of range %N - Northern extent of range

(R) - Rarely noted on refuge (V) - Vagrant (Outside of normal range) ! - More often heard than seen

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LOON WHERE WHEN

___ Common Loon S MS

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GREBES WHERE WHEN

___ Pied-billed Grebe WL Y ___ Horned Grebe WL M(R)

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CORMORANTS WHERE WHEN

___ Double-crested Cormorant WL MB

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HERONS/ALLIES WHERE WHEN

___ American Bittern WM Y ___ Least Bittern WM SR ___ Great Blue Heron W Y ___ Great Egret W S ___ Snowy Egret W S(R) ___ Little Blue Heron W SR ___ Cattle Egret W MS ___ Green Heron W SR

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IBIS WHERE WHEN

___ White Ibis W M(V) ___ Glossy Ibis W M(R)

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VULTURES WHERE WHEN

___ Black Vulture S,O Y ___ Turkey Vulture S,O Y

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SWANS WHERE WHEN

___ Tundra Swan ML M(R)

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GEESE WHERE WHEN

___ Canada Goose W Y$

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DUCK/ALLIES WHERE WHEN

___ Wood Duck W SR$ ___ Green-winged Teal W WV ___ American Black Duck W Y ___ Mallard W Y$ ___ Northern Pintail W M ___ Blue-winged Teal W WV ___ Northern Shoveler W M ___ Gadwall WL WV ___ American Wigeon WL MS ___ Canvasback WL MS ___ Ring-necked Duck WL WV ___ Lesser Scaup WL M ___ Bufflehead W WV ___ Hooded Merganser W WV ___ Common Merganser W M ___ Red-breasted Merganser W

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EAGLES/HAWKS/ALLIES WHERE WHEN

___ Bald Eagle FM Y$ ___ Golden Eagle S M(R) ___ Northern Harrier O Y ___ Sharp-shinned Hawk S Y ___ Cooper's Hawk S Y ___ Red-shouldered Hawk FM Y$ ___ Broad-winged Hawk FM SR ___ Red-tailed Hawk FM Y$ ___ Merlin S M ___ American Kestrel O,E Y$ ___ Peregrine Falcon S M(R) ___ Osprey W MB ___ Mississippi Kite S (V)

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TURKEY/QUAIL/ALLIES WHERE WHEN

___ Wild Turkey FD Y ___ Northern Bobwhite! E Y(R) ___ Ring-necked Pheasant E Y(R)

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RAILS/COOTS WHERE WHEN

___ Sora W WV ___ American Coot W SR

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PLOVERS/SANDPIPERS WHERE WHEN

___ Killdeer W SR$ ___ Greater Yellowlegs W MB ___ Lesser Yellowlegs W MB ___ Solitary Sandpiper W MB ___ Spotted Sandpiper W SR ___ Least Sandpiper W MB ___ Common Snipe W,FD,E WR ___ American Woodcock W,FD,E Y

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GULLS WHERE WHEN

___ Laughing Gull S,WL WV ___ Ring-billed Gull S,WL Y ___ Herring Gull S,WL WV ___ Glaucous Gull S,WL W,M ___ Great Black-backed Gull S,WL W

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TERNS WHERE WHEN

___ Caspian Tern S M(R) ___ Common Tern S M(R) ___ Forster's Tern S M(R) ___ Least Tern S M(R)

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DOVES WHERE WHEN

___ Rock Dove # Y(R) ___ Mourning Dove # Y$

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CUCKOOS WHERE WHEN

___ Black-billed Cuckoo E S(R) ___ Yellow-billed Cuckoo E SR

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OWLS WHERE WHEN

___ Eastern Screech Owl FM Y$ ___ Great-Horned Owl FC Y$ ___ Barred Owl FM Y$ ___ Short-eared Owl E,O WV(R)

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NIGHTJARS WHERE WHEN

___ Common Nighthawk S SR ___ Whip-Poor-Will FM SR ___ Chuck-Will's-Widow FC SR

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SWIFT WHERE WHEN

___ Chimney Swift S SR

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HUMMINGBIRD WHERE WHEN

___ Ruby-Throated Hummingbird O,E SR

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KINGFISHER WHERE WHEN

___ Belted Kingfisher W Y

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WOODPECKERS WHERE WHEN

___ Red-headed Woodpecker F WV(R) ___ Red-bellied Woodpecker F Y ___ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker F WV ___ Downy Woodpecker F Y ___ Hairy Woodpecker F Y ___ Northern Flicker F Y ___ Pileated Woodpecker F Y

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FLYCATCHERS WHERE WHEN

___ Eastern Wood-Pewee F,E SR ___ Eastern Phoebe F,E SR ___ Acadian Flycatcher F,E SR ___ Alder Flycatcher W M ___ Willow Flycatcher FM SR%S ___ Least Flycatcher F,E M ___ Great Crested Flycatcher F,E SR ___ Eastern Kingbird O SR$

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VIREOS WHERE WHEN

___ Red-eyed Vireo FD,E SR$ ___ White-eyed Vireo FD,E SR$ ___ Solitary Vireo FD MS ___ Yellow-throated Vireo FD,E SR ___ Warbling Vireo FD SR$ ___ Philadelphia Vireo FD,E MB

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JAYS/CROWS WHERE WHEN

___ Blue Jay # Y ___ American Crow # Y ___ Fish Crow S WR

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LARK WHERE WHEN

___ Horned Lark O W(R)

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SWALLOWS WHERE WHEN

___ Purple Martin S,O SR$ ___ Tree Swallow W,O SR$ ___ Northern Rough-winged Swallow W,O SR ___ Bank Swallow WV SR ___ Barn Swallow W,O SR ___ Cliff Swallow W,O S(R)

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CHICKADEES/TITMICE WHERE WHEN

___ Black-capped Chickadee F W(R) ___ Carolina Chickadee F Y$ ___ Tufted Titmouse F Y$

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KINGLETS/GNATCATCHERS WHERE WHEN

___ Golden-crowned Kinglet FM WR ___ Ruby-crowned Kinglet E,F WR ___ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher F,W SR$

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NUTHATCHES/CREEPER WHERE WHEN

___ Red-breasted Nuthatch FM WV ___ White-breasted Nuthatch FC Y ___ Brown Creeper FM WV

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WRENS WHERE WHEN

___ House Wren E,F SR$ ___ Winter Wren E,FC WV ___ Carolina Wren E,F Y$

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THRUSHES WHERE WHEN

___ Eastern Bluebird O,E Y$ ___ American Robin # Y$ ___ Veery F SR ___ Swainson's Thrush F MS ___ Hermit Thrush F WV ___ Wood Thrush F SR

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MIMIC THRUSHES WHERE WHEN

___ Gray Catbird E SR ___ Northern Mockingbird # Y ___ Brown Thrasher E SR

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WAXWINGS WHERE WHEN

___ Cedar Waxwings E WV

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WARBLERS WHERE WHEN

___ Hooded Warbler FD,E SR$ ___ Common Yellowthroat E,W SR$ ___ Ovenbird! F SR$ ___ Prairie Warbler E SR$ ___ American Redstart FD,E,W SR$ ___ Pine Warbler FC SR$ ___ Yellow-throated Warbler FD SR%N ___ Black-throated Green Warbler E SR%S ___ Blackburnian Warbler FD SR%N ___ Northern Parula F,W SR ___ Prothonotary Warbler E SR ___ Black-and-white Warbler E SR ___ Yellow Warbler E,W SR ___ Worm-eating Warbler WW SR ___ Kentucky Warbler FD SR ___ Yellow-breasted Chat E SR ___ Louisiana Waterthrush WW SR ___ Northern Waterthrush W MB ___ Wilson's Warbler E MB(R) ___ Blackpoll Warbler E MS ___ Black-throated Blue Warbler FM MS ___ Cerulean Warbler FD MS ___ Magnolia Warbler E,FC MS ___ Canada Warbler FD,E MS ___ Cape May Warbler E,FC MS ___ Chesnut-sided Warbler E MS ___ Bay-breasted Warbler E MS ___ Palm Warbler O MS ___ Blue-winged Warbler FD,E MS ___ Tennessee Warbler E,FM MS ___ Nashville Warbler E,O MF ___ Connecticut Warbler E,W MF ___ Yellow-rumped Warbler FC WR

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TANAGERS WHERE WHEN

___ Summer Tanager E,FD SR$%N ___ Scarlet Tanager E,FM SR

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GROSBEAKS/ALLIES WHERE WHEN

___ Northern Cardinal E,FM Y$ ___ Rose-Breasted Grosbeak E,FM MS ___ Blue Grosbeak E SR%N$ ___ Indigo Bunting E,O SR

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TOWHEES WHERE WHEN

___ Eastern Towhee E Y$

   (formerly Rufous-sided towhee)

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SPARROWS WHERE WHEN

___ American Tree Sparrow O,WW WV ___ Chipping Sparrow O SR ___ Field Sparrow O Y ___ Savannah Sparrow O,W W(R) ___ Grasshopper Sparrow O SR ___ Henslow's Sparrow O S(R) ___ Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow E,W W(R) ___ Fox Sparrow MB WR ___ Vesper Sparrow O SR ___ Song Sparrow E,O Y$ ___ Lincoln's Sparrow O MB(R) ___ Swamp Sparrow W Y ___ White-throated Sparrow E,O WR ___ White-crowned Sparrow E W(R) ___ Dark-eyed Junco E WV

   (Slate-colored race)

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BLACKBIRDS WHERE WHEN

___ Bobolink O MB ___ Red-winged Blackbird W SR$ ___ Eastern Meadowlark O SR ___ Boat-tailed Grackle O Y(R) ___ Common Grackle O Y ___ Brown-headed Cowbird O Y

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ORIOLES WHERE WHEN

___ Orchard Oriole E,W SR ___ Baltimore Oriole E,FD SR

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FINCHES WHERE WHEN

___ House Ficnh E Y$ ___ Purple Finch E,O W(R) ___ Amercian Goldfinch E,O Y$

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WEAVER FINCH WHERE WHEN

___ House Sparrow (aka English Sparrow) O Y(R)

   (non-native)

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STARLING WHERE WHEN

___ European Starling (Non-native) # Y$

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Contact Information

• Phone: (301) 497-5662
• Fax: (301) 497-5666
• Website: http://www.fws.gov/northeast/patuxent/
• Address: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Patuxent Research Refuge, 230 Bald Eagle Drive, Laurel MD 20724-3000
• Location (via Google Maps): http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=39.071445,-76.779671&spn=0.19884,0.432587&z=12

Other Links

• http://gorp.away.com/gorp/resource/us_nwr/md_patux.htm