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[[Image:45273PN-DarkThroatedOrl.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|TSWong|TSWong}} <br /> Tawau, Sabah, [[Malaysia]], August 2006]] | [[Image:45273PN-DarkThroatedOrl.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|TSWong|TSWong}} <br /> Tawau, Sabah, [[Malaysia]], August 2006]] | ||
+ | '''Includes: Ventriloquial Oriole''' | ||
;[[:Category:Oriolus|Oriolus]] xanthonotus | ;[[:Category:Oriolus|Oriolus]] xanthonotus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
+ | 17-19 cm. Fairly typical small oriole, male distinguished by black "hood". | ||
+ | * underparts with coarse black spots aligned longitudinally to form loose streaks | ||
+ | * lower back, upper and under tail coverts yellow | ||
+ | * tail dark with under tail terminal yellow spots on central feathers | ||
+ | * bill pink | ||
+ | * eye (dark) red | ||
+ | * eye ring narrow, may appear grey or yellowish | ||
+ | * legs and feet grey | ||
+ | '''Male''' | ||
+ | * head, wings and chest black forming a "hood" | ||
+ | * tail black where not yellow | ||
+ | * back and mantle yellow | ||
+ | '''Female''' | ||
+ | * crown may have light longitudinal streaking | ||
+ | * chest and throat streaked like rest of underparts | ||
+ | * greener (more olive) than male, for example on upper tail | ||
+ | * upper parts mostly olive green or greyish. Head generally more grey than mantle, wings | ||
+ | * primaries dark | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Southeast [[Asia]]: found in [[Indochina]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Malay Peninsula]], [[Brunei]], [[Philippines]], [[Borneo]], [[Indonesia]], [[Greater Sundas]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Java]]. | Southeast [[Asia]]: found in [[Indochina]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Malay Peninsula]], [[Brunei]], [[Philippines]], [[Borneo]], [[Indonesia]], [[Greater Sundas]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Java]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
+ | Subspecies ''consobrinus'' and ''persuasus'' form a deeply genetically divergent clade which may be elevated as "Ventriloquial Oriole", ''O. consobrinus'' leaving ''mentawi'' and ''xanthonotus'' as "Dark-throated Oriole" (strict sense), ''O. xanthonotus'' (e.g. [[#References|[6]]]). They exhibit vocal and female plumage differences from the other taxa [[#References|[5]]]. | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
− | + | Clements recognises the following subspecies [[#References|[1]]]: | |
− | *''O. x. xanthonotus'': | + | *''O. x. xanthonotus'': Southern [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Sumatra]], south-western [[Borneo]] and [[Java]] |
− | + | *''O. x. consobrinus'': "'''Ventriloquial Oriole'''". Borneo and adjacent islands. [Male greener. Female with a markedly dark greyer-green head] | |
− | *''O. x. consobrinus'': | + | *''O. x. mentawi'': Mentawi Archipelago and adjacent islands off Sumatra. [Female with darker crown with blackish feather centres] |
− | + | *''O. x. persuasus'': "'''Ventriloquial Oriole'''". South-western [[Philippines]] (Palawan and Culion) | |
− | *''O. x. mentawi'': | ||
− | |||
− | *''O. x. persuasus'': | ||
− | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Lowland evergreen and swamp forest and forest edges to 1,220m. | Lowland evergreen and swamp forest and forest edges to 1,220m. | ||
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#BirdLife International | #BirdLife International | ||
#Bird Ecology Study Group | #Bird Ecology Study Group | ||
+ | #{{Ref-Eatonetal21}} | ||
+ | #{{Ref-GillDonskerRasmussen22V13.2}} | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== |
Latest revision as of 08:56, 6 September 2023
This article is incomplete. This article is missing one or more sections. You can help the BirdForum Opus by expanding it. |
Includes: Ventriloquial Oriole
- Oriolus xanthonotus
Identification
17-19 cm. Fairly typical small oriole, male distinguished by black "hood".
- underparts with coarse black spots aligned longitudinally to form loose streaks
- lower back, upper and under tail coverts yellow
- tail dark with under tail terminal yellow spots on central feathers
- bill pink
- eye (dark) red
- eye ring narrow, may appear grey or yellowish
- legs and feet grey
Male
- head, wings and chest black forming a "hood"
- tail black where not yellow
- back and mantle yellow
Female
- crown may have light longitudinal streaking
- chest and throat streaked like rest of underparts
- greener (more olive) than male, for example on upper tail
- upper parts mostly olive green or greyish. Head generally more grey than mantle, wings
- primaries dark
Distribution
Southeast Asia: found in Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Malay Peninsula, Brunei, Philippines, Borneo, Indonesia, Greater Sundas, Sumatra and Java.
Taxonomy
Subspecies consobrinus and persuasus form a deeply genetically divergent clade which may be elevated as "Ventriloquial Oriole", O. consobrinus leaving mentawi and xanthonotus as "Dark-throated Oriole" (strict sense), O. xanthonotus (e.g. [6]). They exhibit vocal and female plumage differences from the other taxa [5].
Subspecies
Clements recognises the following subspecies [1]:
- O. x. xanthonotus: Southern Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, south-western Borneo and Java
- O. x. consobrinus: "Ventriloquial Oriole". Borneo and adjacent islands. [Male greener. Female with a markedly dark greyer-green head]
- O. x. mentawi: Mentawi Archipelago and adjacent islands off Sumatra. [Female with darker crown with blackish feather centres]
- O. x. persuasus: "Ventriloquial Oriole". South-western Philippines (Palawan and Culion)
Habitat
Lowland evergreen and swamp forest and forest edges to 1,220m.
Behaviour
The diet includes fruit and insects.
References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
- Avibase
- BirdLife International
- Bird Ecology Study Group
- Eaton, JA, B van Balen, NW Brickle, FE Rheindt 2021. Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago (Greater Sundas and Wallacea), Second Edition. Lynx Editions. ISBN978-84-16728-44-2
- Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v 13.2). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.13.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Dark-throated Oriole. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 6 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Dark-throated_Oriole
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.