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| − | ;[[: | + | '''Alternative names: Greater Sicklebill; Black Sickle-billed Bird-of-paradise''' |
| + | ;[[:Category:Epimachus|Epimachus]] fastuosus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | Male 63cm (110cm including tail), female 55cm. A large Bird-of-paradise with a long, sickle-shaped bill and greatly elongated central tail feathers. | |
| − | *Black plumage shows iridescent green, blue and purple scaley feathers | + | ====Male==== |
| − | *Red iris | + | * Black plumage shows iridescent green, blue and purple scaley feathers |
| − | *Bright yellow mouth | + | * Red iris |
| − | *Long curved black bill | + | * Bright yellow mouth |
| − | *Large sabre-shaped tail | + | * Long curved black bill |
| − | *Large erectile fan-like plumes on sides of breast<br /> | + | * Large sabre-shaped tail |
| − | + | * Large erectile fan-like plumes on sides of breast<br /> | |
| − | *Reddish brown plumage | + | ====Female==== |
| − | *Red-brown iris | + | * Reddish brown plumage |
| − | *Buff underparts | + | * Red-brown iris |
| + | * Buff underparts with dark brown barring | ||
| + | Juveniles and immatures are similar to females. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | Endemic to the mountains of [[New Guinea]].<br /> | |
| + | Uncommon or rare in most of its range. The population is declining due to habitat loss. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| − | + | There are 3 subspecies:<sup>[[#References|[1],[2]]]</sup> | |
*''E. f. fastuosus'': | *''E. f. fastuosus'': | ||
| − | :* | + | :*Northwest [[New Guinea]] (Tamrau and Arfak mountains) |
*''E. f. atratus'': | *''E. f. atratus'': | ||
| − | :*[[New Guinea]] (Mountains of Wandammen Peninsula to Kratka Range) | + | :*Eastern [[New Guinea]] (Mountains of Wandammen Peninsula to Kratka Range) |
*''E. f. ultimus'': | *''E. f. ultimus'': | ||
:*Coastal northern [[Papua New Guinea]] (Mount Menawa and Mount Somoro) | :*Coastal northern [[Papua New Guinea]] (Mount Menawa and Mount Somoro) | ||
| + | The proposed subspecies ''stresemanni'' is usually synonymized with atratus. The scientific name is also spelled ''fastosus''.<br /> | ||
| + | Hybrids with [[Long-tailed Paradigalla]], [[Arfak Astrapia]] and [[Superb Bird-of-paradise]] recorded. | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Mid mountain forests, | + | Mid mountain forests, mostly in primary forest. Occurs at 1280 - 2550m, mainly at 1800 - 2150m. Usually at lower elevation than [[Brown Sicklebill]]. |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | The | + | Feeds on fruits and animals (insects and small vertebrates). |
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | Breeding at least from November to February. A [[Dictionary_M-S#P|polygynous]] species. The male advertises from a traditional high perch (usually a broken-off vertical tree trunk) and performs its display. The female builds and attends the nest alone.<br /> | ||
| + | One described nest was made of orchid stems with vines and moss on base. No other information. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec09}}#{{Ref-HBWVol14}} |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
Revision as of 18:45, 24 October 2010
Alternative names: Greater Sicklebill; Black Sickle-billed Bird-of-paradise
- Epimachus fastuosus
Identification
Male 63cm (110cm including tail), female 55cm. A large Bird-of-paradise with a long, sickle-shaped bill and greatly elongated central tail feathers.
Male
- Black plumage shows iridescent green, blue and purple scaley feathers
- Red iris
- Bright yellow mouth
- Long curved black bill
- Large sabre-shaped tail
- Large erectile fan-like plumes on sides of breast
Female
- Reddish brown plumage
- Red-brown iris
- Buff underparts with dark brown barring
Juveniles and immatures are similar to females.
Distribution
Endemic to the mountains of New Guinea.
Uncommon or rare in most of its range. The population is declining due to habitat loss.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 3 subspecies:[1],[2]
- E. f. fastuosus:
- Northwest New Guinea (Tamrau and Arfak mountains)
- E. f. atratus:
- Eastern New Guinea (Mountains of Wandammen Peninsula to Kratka Range)
- E. f. ultimus:
- Coastal northern Papua New Guinea (Mount Menawa and Mount Somoro)
The proposed subspecies stresemanni is usually synonymized with atratus. The scientific name is also spelled fastosus.
Hybrids with Long-tailed Paradigalla, Arfak Astrapia and Superb Bird-of-paradise recorded.
Habitat
Mid mountain forests, mostly in primary forest. Occurs at 1280 - 2550m, mainly at 1800 - 2150m. Usually at lower elevation than Brown Sicklebill.
Behaviour
Diet
Feeds on fruits and animals (insects and small vertebrates).
Breeding
Breeding at least from November to February. A polygynous species. The male advertises from a traditional high perch (usually a broken-off vertical tree trunk) and performs its display. The female builds and attends the nest alone.
One described nest was made of orchid stems with vines and moss on base. No other information.
References
- Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2009. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553507
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black Sicklebill. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 7 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black_Sicklebill
