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| − | [[Image:Long-tailed_Meadowlark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Sussex+bird+man|Sussex bird man}} <br />Peninsula Valdes, [[Argentina]], November 2005]] | + | [[Image:Long-tailed_Meadowlark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male, subspecies ''loyca'' <br />Photo © by {{user|Sussex+bird+man|Sussex bird man}} <br />Peninsula Valdes, [[Argentina]], November 2005]] |
;[[:Category:Leistes|Leistes]] loyca | ;[[:Category:Leistes|Leistes]] loyca | ||
''Sturnella loyca'' | ''Sturnella loyca'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | [[Image:3854Long-tailed Meadowlark 1.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Male, subspecies ''falklandica'' <br />Photo © by {{user|crispash|crispash}}<br />Volunteer Point , [[Falkland Islands|Falklands East Island]], March 2005]] | ||
Length 24.0-25.5 cm, wingspan 11.4-13.1 cm, weight 67-131 g. Female markedly smaller, with apparently no overlap in wing length and little in tail length. <br /> | Length 24.0-25.5 cm, wingspan 11.4-13.1 cm, weight 67-131 g. Female markedly smaller, with apparently no overlap in wing length and little in tail length. <br /> | ||
'''Male''': Overall heavily streaked grey-brown with strong white supercillium (red nearest bill), very dark side of head with thin white [[Topography#Heads|submoustacial stripe]]. Strong, straight, grey, pointed bill. Bright red breast. White underwing.<br /> | '''Male''': Overall heavily streaked grey-brown with strong white supercillium (red nearest bill), very dark side of head with thin white [[Topography#Heads|submoustacial stripe]]. Strong, straight, grey, pointed bill. Bright red breast. White underwing.<br /> | ||
'''Female''': Supercilium and throat buffy, underside mostly streaked similar to upperside, pale pink area to central belly and lower breast. | '''Female''': Supercilium and throat buffy, underside mostly streaked similar to upperside, pale pink area to central belly and lower breast. | ||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Southern [[Chile]], southern [[Argentina]], and the [[Falkland Islands]]. | Southern [[Chile]], southern [[Argentina]], and the [[Falkland Islands]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | In the past, this | + | [[Image:L-t Meadowlark fem on post EXC 4681 pre-edited .jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, subspecies ''falklandica'' <br />Photo © by {{user|rdavis|Ronald B. Davis}}<br />Bleaker Island Settlement, [[Falkland Islands]], 19 January 2011]] |
| − | + | In the past, this species has been lumped with the [[Red-breasted Blackbird]], along with [[Peruvian Meadowlark|Peruvian]] and [[Pampas Meadowlark]].<br /> | |
| + | This species has formerly been placed in the genus ''[[: Category:Sturnella|Sturnella]]''.<br /> | ||
| + | The genus ''Pezites'' has also been applied to the combined species. <br /> | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| − | + | Three subspecies are recognized by Clements<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | |
| − | *''L. l. catamarcanus'': | + | *''L. l. catamarcanus'': Paler |
:*North-western [[Argentina]] (Jujuy and Catamarca) | :*North-western [[Argentina]] (Jujuy and Catamarca) | ||
| − | *''L. l. loyca'': | + | *''L. l. loyca'': Smaller, widespread |
:*Southern [[Chile]] and southern [[Argentina]] to Tierra del Fuego | :*Southern [[Chile]] and southern [[Argentina]] to Tierra del Fuego | ||
| − | *''L. l. falklandicus'': | + | *''L. l. falklandicus'': Largest, with the longest bill |
:*[[Falkland Islands]] | :*[[Falkland Islands]] | ||
| − | + | A fourth subspecies ''obscura'' from the highlands of Central Argentina is recognized by Howard & Moore<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> & HBW<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>. It is darker with red more restricted. | |
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Coastal areas, meadow land and tussock grass, often with rocks. | Coastal areas, meadow land and tussock grass, often with rocks. | ||
| Line 33: | Line 36: | ||
Diet includes worms, grubs, beetles, caterpillars and marine invertebrates taken from the shore. | Diet includes worms, grubs, beetles, caterpillars and marine invertebrates taken from the shore. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#{{Ref-HM04}}#Fraga, R. (2018). Long-tailed Meadowlark (Leistes loyca). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/62328 on 23 May 2018). |
| + | #{{Ref-GillDonsker18V8.1}}#Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, C. D. Cadena, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version [6 April 2018]. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm | ||
| + | #Avibase | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Meadowlark | + | {{GSearch|"Leistes loyca" {{!}} "Sturnella loyca" {{!}} "Long-tailed Meadowlark"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Leistes | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Leistes]] |
Latest revision as of 00:06, 18 March 2023
- Leistes loyca
Sturnella loyca
Identification
Length 24.0-25.5 cm, wingspan 11.4-13.1 cm, weight 67-131 g. Female markedly smaller, with apparently no overlap in wing length and little in tail length.
Male: Overall heavily streaked grey-brown with strong white supercillium (red nearest bill), very dark side of head with thin white submoustacial stripe. Strong, straight, grey, pointed bill. Bright red breast. White underwing.
Female: Supercilium and throat buffy, underside mostly streaked similar to upperside, pale pink area to central belly and lower breast.
Distribution
Southern Chile, southern Argentina, and the Falkland Islands.
Taxonomy
Female, subspecies falklandica
Photo © by Ronald B. Davis
Bleaker Island Settlement, Falkland Islands, 19 January 2011
Photo © by Ronald B. Davis
Bleaker Island Settlement, Falkland Islands, 19 January 2011
In the past, this species has been lumped with the Red-breasted Blackbird, along with Peruvian and Pampas Meadowlark.
This species has formerly been placed in the genus Sturnella.
The genus Pezites has also been applied to the combined species.
Subspecies
Three subspecies are recognized by Clements[1]:
- L. l. catamarcanus: Paler
- North-western Argentina (Jujuy and Catamarca)
- L. l. loyca: Smaller, widespread
- L. l. falklandicus: Largest, with the longest bill
A fourth subspecies obscura from the highlands of Central Argentina is recognized by Howard & Moore[2] & HBW[3]. It is darker with red more restricted.
Habitat
Coastal areas, meadow land and tussock grass, often with rocks.
Behaviour
Breeding
Nests are made by the female and are woven from grass, with an entrance tunnel, and are hidden amongst ground vegetation or gorse. Sub-species falklandica - female builds a nest of dry grass, hidden on ground or in tussock grass.
Late Aug--late Nov, 2-4 blue-white eggs, blotched purple and black are laid and incubated by the female for about 14 days. Both parents feed the young and probably raise two broods per season.
Diet
Diet includes worms, grubs, beetles, caterpillars and marine invertebrates taken from the shore.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Dickinson, EC, ed. 2014. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th ed. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0956861122
- Fraga, R. (2018). Long-tailed Meadowlark (Leistes loyca). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/62328 on 23 May 2018).
- Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2018. IOC World Bird List (v8.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.8.1. Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, C. D. Cadena, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version [6 April 2018]. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
- Avibase
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Long-tailed Meadowlark. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 9 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Long-tailed_Meadowlark
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
