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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:2007_09_03_Grey-headed_Sparrow_AlanManson.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Breeding Adult <br />Photo © {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Manson}}<br />Cedara Farm, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], South Africa, 3 September 2007]] |
'''Alternative name: Cape Sparrow (which is usually used for ''[[Passer melanurus]]''!)''' | '''Alternative name: Cape Sparrow (which is usually used for ''[[Passer melanurus]]''!)''' | ||
;[[:Category:Passer|Passer]] diffusus | ;[[:Category:Passer|Passer]] diffusus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | Length 15-16 cm, mass 24 g. | + | [[Image:2007 04 21 07 57 451242.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Non-breeding Adult <br />Photo © {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Manson}}<br />Pietermaritzburg, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], South Africa, 21 April 2007]] |
| − | ''P. d. stygiseps'' | + | Length 15-16 cm, mass 24 g.<br /> |
| + | The head is grey, the back brown, and the rump is bright rufous and conspicuous in flight. The wings have short, but usually obvious white wingbars. White to pale grey underparts.<br /> | ||
| + | The eyes, legs and feet are brown, and the bill is black when breeding (horn when not breeding).<br /> | ||
| + | ''P. d. stygiseps'' | ||
====Similar species==== | ====Similar species==== | ||
In the northern extremity of its range (north of 19° S), it is easily confused with the very similar [[Northern Grey-headed Sparrow]], which is slightly heavier with a longer tail and longer bill. The [[Northern Grey-headed Sparrow]] is also darker, with a less-distinct wing-bar. | In the northern extremity of its range (north of 19° S), it is easily confused with the very similar [[Northern Grey-headed Sparrow]], which is slightly heavier with a longer tail and longer bill. The [[Northern Grey-headed Sparrow]] is also darker, with a less-distinct wing-bar. | ||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[South Africa]], [[Lesotho]], [[eSwatini]], [[Namibia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambique]], [[Zambia]], southern [[Malawi]], south-western Angola and southeast [[Tanzania]].<br /> | [[South Africa]], [[Lesotho]], [[eSwatini]], [[Namibia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambique]], [[Zambia]], southern [[Malawi]], south-western Angola and southeast [[Tanzania]].<br /> | ||
| Line 13: | Line 15: | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | Usually four, sometimes only two subspecies accepted: | + | Forms a [[Dictionary_P-S#S|superspecies]] with [[Northern Grey-headed Sparrow]], [[Swainson's Sparrow]], [[Parrot-billed Sparrow]] and [[Swahili Sparrow]]. All are often treated as [[Dictionary_A-C#C|conspecific]]. |
| − | * ''P. d. diffusus'' | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| − | * ''P. d. luangwae'' | + | Usually four, sometimes only two subspecies accepted<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| − | * ''P. d. mosambicus'' | + | * ''P. d. diffusus'': |
| − | * ''P. d. stygiceps'' | + | :*Western and southern [[Angola]] east to [[Zambia]], south to [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], western [[Zimbabwe]] and western [[South Africa]] |
| − | + | * ''P. d. luangwae'': | |
| − | + | :*In the upper Luangwa Valley in eastern [[Zambia]] | |
| + | * ''P. d. mosambicus'': | ||
| + | :*Southeast [[Tanzania]] and northern [[Mozambique]] (sometimes also placed in [[Northern Grey-headed Sparrow]]) | ||
| + | * ''P. d. stygiceps'': is darker above than the nominate with duller breast and flanks. | ||
| + | :*In southeast [[Zambia]], southern [[Malawi]], northern and eastern [[Zimbabwe]], most of [[Mozambique]], northeast and eastern [[South Africa]], [[eSwatini]] and [[Lesotho]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Savanna woodland and plantation edges. Often found near settlements and in cropping areas. | Savanna woodland and plantation edges. Often found near settlements and in cropping areas. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | Often solitary or in pairs, but can congregate in flocks of up to 200 in winter. Forages on the ground, often in mixed-species flocks of seed-eaters. Walks and hops. Food is mainly seeds, but also small fruit, nectar and insects. | + | Often solitary or in pairs, but can congregate in flocks of up to 200 in winter. |
| − | Breeds in all months of year, coinciding with local rains. A solitary breeder, sometimes also in loose colonies. The nest is made of dry grass and placed in a hole in a tree or a building. Competes with introduced [[House Sparrow]] for nest-sites | + | ====Diet==== |
| + | Forages on the ground, often in mixed-species flocks of seed-eaters. Walks and hops. Food is mainly seeds, but also small fruit, nectar and insects. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | Breeds in all months of year, coinciding with local rains. A solitary breeder, sometimes also in loose colonies. The nest is made of dry grass and placed in a hole in a tree or a building. Lays 2 - 5 eggs. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Competes with introduced [[House Sparrow]] for nest-sites. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thOct22}}#{{Ref-HBWVol14}}#Hockey PAR, Dean WRJ & Ryan PG (eds) 2005. ''Robert's Birds of Southern Africa'', 7th edition. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 0620340533 |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
| − | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|"Passer diffusus" {{!}} "Southern Grey-headed Sparrow" {{!}} "Southern Gray-headed Sparrow" }} | {{GSearch|"Passer diffusus" {{!}} "Southern Grey-headed Sparrow" {{!}} "Southern Gray-headed Sparrow" }} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:37, 4 October 2023
Alternative name: Cape Sparrow (which is usually used for Passer melanurus!)
- Passer diffusus
Identification
Length 15-16 cm, mass 24 g.
The head is grey, the back brown, and the rump is bright rufous and conspicuous in flight. The wings have short, but usually obvious white wingbars. White to pale grey underparts.
The eyes, legs and feet are brown, and the bill is black when breeding (horn when not breeding).
P. d. stygiseps
Similar species
In the northern extremity of its range (north of 19° S), it is easily confused with the very similar Northern Grey-headed Sparrow, which is slightly heavier with a longer tail and longer bill. The Northern Grey-headed Sparrow is also darker, with a less-distinct wing-bar.
Distribution
South Africa, Lesotho, eSwatini, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, southern Malawi, south-western Angola and southeast Tanzania.
Common and widespread over most of its range.
Taxonomy
Forms a superspecies with Northern Grey-headed Sparrow, Swainson's Sparrow, Parrot-billed Sparrow and Swahili Sparrow. All are often treated as conspecific.
Subspecies
Usually four, sometimes only two subspecies accepted[1]:
- P. d. diffusus:
- P. d. luangwae:
- In the upper Luangwa Valley in eastern Zambia
- P. d. mosambicus:
- Southeast Tanzania and northern Mozambique (sometimes also placed in Northern Grey-headed Sparrow)
- P. d. stygiceps: is darker above than the nominate with duller breast and flanks.
- In southeast Zambia, southern Malawi, northern and eastern Zimbabwe, most of Mozambique, northeast and eastern South Africa, eSwatini and Lesotho
Habitat
Savanna woodland and plantation edges. Often found near settlements and in cropping areas.
Behaviour
Often solitary or in pairs, but can congregate in flocks of up to 200 in winter.
Diet
Forages on the ground, often in mixed-species flocks of seed-eaters. Walks and hops. Food is mainly seeds, but also small fruit, nectar and insects.
Breeding
Breeds in all months of year, coinciding with local rains. A solitary breeder, sometimes also in loose colonies. The nest is made of dry grass and placed in a hole in a tree or a building. Lays 2 - 5 eggs.
Competes with introduced House Sparrow for nest-sites.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2009. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553507
- Hockey PAR, Dean WRJ & Ryan PG (eds) 2005. Robert's Birds of Southern Africa, 7th edition. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 0620340533
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Southern Grey-headed Sparrow. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 12 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Southern_Grey-headed_Sparrow
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
