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| − | + | [[Image:Greater_Sooty_Owl.jpg|thumb|550px|right|ssp ''arfaki''<br />Photo © by {{user|Mpacker|Mpacker}}<br>[[Papua New Guinea]]]] | |
| − | [[Image:Greater_Sooty_Owl.jpg|thumb| | + | ;[[:Category:Tyto|Tyto]] tenebricosa |
| + | '''Includes: Greater Sooty Owl; Lesser Sooty Owl''' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | L. 31-38 cm | |
| + | *Sooty black or grey-brown upperparts | ||
| + | *Fine silvery white spots on head and wings | ||
| + | *Large round facial disc | ||
| + | *Silvery white shading to black around eyes | ||
| + | *Heavily edged black face | ||
| + | *Silvery white underparts | ||
| + | *Dark grey or sooty black chevrons, particularly on breast | ||
| + | *Very short tail | ||
| + | *Very large black eyes | ||
| + | *Pale horn bill | ||
| + | *Pale grey feet with black talons | ||
| + | [[Image:Lesser_Sooty-Owl.jpg|thumb|350px|right|ssp ''multipunctata''<br />Photo © by [http://www.birdforum.net/member.php?u=49168 '''Hans&Judy Beste''']<br/>Julatten, northern Queensland, [[Australia]]]] | ||
| + | Sexes look similar but the female is usually slightly larger. | ||
| + | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | [[New Guinea]] and coastal eastern and northeastern [[Australia]]. | ||
| + | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | Three subspecies accepted: | ||
| + | * ''T. t. arfaki'' on [[New Guinea]] and Yapen Island | ||
| + | * ''T. t. tenebricosa'' on coastal east [[Australia]] (from central [[Queensland]] to south [[Victoria]]) | ||
| + | * ''T. t. multipunctata'' in the rainforests of northeast [[Australia]] (northeast [[Queensland]]) | ||
| + | The latter was long considered to be a full species, Lesser Sooty Owl, the other two subspecies were known as Greater Sooty Owl. These two forms have an unusual "leapfrog" distribution in that the Lesser is surrounded by Greater Sooty Owl both to the north in New Guinea (subspecies ''arfaki'') and to the south in mainland Australia (subspecies ''tenebricosa''); other species that show leapfrog distributions are [[Australian Logrunner]]/[[Chowchilla]] in the same area and [[Grey Trembler]]/[[Brown Trembler]] in the [[Caribbean]]. A DNA analysis of the three Sooty Owl populations found small differences between the three populations (0.6 - 0.8 %), in spite of especially size differences. This lack of DNA sequence difference has been seen as an argument against keeping the two Sooty Owls as different species. Reference on the DNA analysis: J. A. Norman, L. Christidis, L. Joseph, B. Slikas & D. Alpers (2002) Unravelling a biogeographical knot: origin of the 'leapfrog' distribution pattern of Australo-Papuan sooty owls (Strigiformes) and logrunners (Passeriformes). ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B. Biological Sciences.'' '''269''', 2127-2133. (Full text available online). | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Habitat== | ||
| + | ''multipunctata'' is found in rainforests. | ||
| + | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Foraging & Diet==== | ||
| + | A strictly nocturnal bird. Hunts in clearings and near roads, but also inside forest. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Diet includes small mammals, but also insects and some birds. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | The nest is usually a large hollow in the trunk or a main limb of a living tree, often Rose Gum. The female may occupy the hollow for many weeks before laying, going out briefly only once or twice each night. 1-2 eggs are laid. Incubation is 40-42 days and the young have downs of sooty grey. Fledging is at about 3 months. | ||
| + | ==Gallery== | ||
| + | Click on photo for larger image | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:BF Greater Sooty Owl-1 PM.jpg|Greater Sooty Owl<br />Photo © by {{user|petemorris|Pete Morris}}<br /> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}} | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Tyto | + | {{GSearch|"Tyto tenebricosa" {{!}} "Sooty Owl"}} |
| − | + | {{GS-checked}} | |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] | + | <br /> |
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Tyto]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:06, 18 December 2022
- Tyto tenebricosa
Includes: Greater Sooty Owl; Lesser Sooty Owl
Identification
L. 31-38 cm
- Sooty black or grey-brown upperparts
- Fine silvery white spots on head and wings
- Large round facial disc
- Silvery white shading to black around eyes
- Heavily edged black face
- Silvery white underparts
- Dark grey or sooty black chevrons, particularly on breast
- Very short tail
- Very large black eyes
- Pale horn bill
- Pale grey feet with black talons
Sexes look similar but the female is usually slightly larger.
Distribution
New Guinea and coastal eastern and northeastern Australia.
Taxonomy
Three subspecies accepted:
- T. t. arfaki on New Guinea and Yapen Island
- T. t. tenebricosa on coastal east Australia (from central Queensland to south Victoria)
- T. t. multipunctata in the rainforests of northeast Australia (northeast Queensland)
The latter was long considered to be a full species, Lesser Sooty Owl, the other two subspecies were known as Greater Sooty Owl. These two forms have an unusual "leapfrog" distribution in that the Lesser is surrounded by Greater Sooty Owl both to the north in New Guinea (subspecies arfaki) and to the south in mainland Australia (subspecies tenebricosa); other species that show leapfrog distributions are Australian Logrunner/Chowchilla in the same area and Grey Trembler/Brown Trembler in the Caribbean. A DNA analysis of the three Sooty Owl populations found small differences between the three populations (0.6 - 0.8 %), in spite of especially size differences. This lack of DNA sequence difference has been seen as an argument against keeping the two Sooty Owls as different species. Reference on the DNA analysis: J. A. Norman, L. Christidis, L. Joseph, B. Slikas & D. Alpers (2002) Unravelling a biogeographical knot: origin of the 'leapfrog' distribution pattern of Australo-Papuan sooty owls (Strigiformes) and logrunners (Passeriformes). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B. Biological Sciences. 269, 2127-2133. (Full text available online).
Habitat
multipunctata is found in rainforests.
Behaviour
Foraging & Diet
A strictly nocturnal bird. Hunts in clearings and near roads, but also inside forest.
Diet includes small mammals, but also insects and some birds.
Breeding
The nest is usually a large hollow in the trunk or a main limb of a living tree, often Rose Gum. The female may occupy the hollow for many weeks before laying, going out briefly only once or twice each night. 1-2 eggs are laid. Incubation is 40-42 days and the young have downs of sooty grey. Fledging is at about 3 months.
Gallery
Click on photo for larger image
Greater Sooty Owl
Photo © by Pete Morris
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Sooty Owl. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 26 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Sooty_Owl
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
