Difference between revisions of "Glossy Black Cockatoo" - BirdForum Opus

Latest revision as of 15:52, 9 December 2020

Alternative names: Casuarina Cockatoo, Casuarine Cockatoo, Glossy Cockatoo, Latham's Cockatoo, Leach's Black-Cockatoo, Leach's Red-tailed Cockatoo, Nutcracker

Photo © by Mehd Halaouate
Noosa Heads, Australia, 19 May 2005

Calyptorhynchus lathami

Identification

46-50 cm (18-20 in) the smallest of the black cockatoos found in Australia
Male

Mostly black
Dark brown head
Red caudal patches

Female

Duller
Yellow flecks on the cheeks in breeding birds
Red barring on the tail.

Distribution

Eastern Australia: Central Eastern Queensland to Gippsland, Victoria and on Kangaroo Island, South Australia

Female
Photo © by Hans & Judy Beste
Mudgeeraba, Gold Coast, Queensland, 2001

Taxonomy

Subspecies

There are three subspecies of this bird that all occupy specific parts of the continent^[1]:

C. l. erebus which is found in Central North Queensland from Eungella National Park near Mackay south to Monto in South Eastern Queensland.
C. l. lathami found from Kingaroy and the Wide Bay District of South Eastern Queensland south to East Gippsland in Victoria.
C. l. halmaturinus found only on Kangaroo Island South Australia

Habitat

All members of this species are sometimes referred to as the "Casuarina Cockatoo" a reference to the bird's preference for eating the cone seeds of the Allocasuarina and Casuarina or She Oak Trees.
Sadly these trees form the greater part of the bird's diet, but are regarded as "rubbish" by most people including developers, who wantonly destroy this habitat. In South Australia, where the birds live solely on Kangaroo Island, recent bushfires have destroyed a large part of the habitat and replanting efforts are continuing.

Juvenile
Photo © by Chris Charles
Patonga, New South Wales, 22 October 2006

Conservation Status

In Queensland C.lathami lathami is considered vulnerable and in New South Wales the same status applies.
C.lathami erebus is considered to be safe and maybe even increasing in numbers.
In VictoriaC.lathami lathami is listed as threatened.
The Kangaroo Island population of C.lathami halmaturinis is listed as endangered.
Nationwide, it is believed that less than 18,000 birds may still exist.

Behaviour

Diet

Female, subspecies halmaturinus
Photo © by Lindsay Cooke
Kangaroo Island, March 2006

They are a specialist feeder preferring Casuarina seeds over all other foods, however they have been noted feeding on other seed trees.

Breeding

They lay one egg per season and the female stays with the egg until incubation is complete. These birds are dependant on remnant forest for breeding hollows close to water. They appear to form small family groups and seem to move their young away after the first year. The birds are usually cautious but easily approached and will sit feeding on one tree for an entire day. They are easily found when they have their young as the continual calling identifies where they are, however on their own are barely discernable in the casuarinas.

Action

They are fairly poor flyers and appear to "fall" from trees and roosts before taking flight. Spectacular flight displays are sometimes seen when the birds chase each other.

Vocalisation

They have a unique "creaking door" sound to their call.

References

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Avibase
Rowley, I. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.glbcoc1.01
BirdForum Member observations

List of references

Recommended Citation

BirdForum Opus contributors. (2025) Glossy Black Cockatoo. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 6 January 2025 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Glossy_Black_Cockatoo

External Links

Search for photos of Glossy Black Cockatoo in the gallery

http://www.glossyblack.org.au = The Glossy Black Conservancy
http://www.eungella.com.au/Home.html = Information about Eungella N.P.
http://www.tourkangarooisland.com.au = Information about Kangaroo Island

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:Glossy_Black_Cockatoo.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by mehdhalaouate<br>Photographed:  Noosa Heads, Australia]]
+'''Alternative names: Casuarina Cockatoo, Casuarine Cockatoo, Glossy Cockatoo, Latham's Cockatoo, Leach's Black-Cockatoo, Leach's Red-tailed Cockatoo, Nutcracker'''
+[[Image:Glossy_Black_Cockatoo.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|mehdhalaouate|Mehd Halaouate}}<br /> Noosa Heads, [[Australia]], 19 May 2005]]
 ;[[:Category:Calyptorhynchus|Calyptorhynchus]] lathami
 ==Identification==
-The Glossy Black Cockatoo male  is predominantly black with a dark brown head with striking caudal red patches. Female birds are duller in colour, with dominant flecks of yellow on the cheeks in breeding birds. The female has red barring on the tail.  The smallest of Australia's "black" cockatoos adult birds will grow to be about 46-50cm in length. The birds are found in open forest and woodlands, and have a unique "creaking door" sound to their call.
+-50 cm (18-20 in) the smallest of the black cockatoos found in Australia<br />
+'''Male'''
+*Mostly black
+*Dark brown head
+*Red caudal patches<br />
+'''Female'''
+*Duller
+*Yellow flecks on the cheeks in breeding birds
+*Red barring on the tail.
 ==Distribution==
-[[Australia]].
+Eastern [[Australia]]: Central Eastern [[Queensland]] to Gippsland, [[Victoria]] and on Kangaroo Island, [[South Australia]]
+[[Image:49168Glossy-Black-Cockatoo-f-2-W.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo &copy; by '''[http://www.birdforum.net/member.php?u=49168 Hans & Judy Beste]'''<br />Mudgeeraba, Gold Coast, [[Queensland]], 2001]]
 ==Taxonomy==
-There are three  subspecies of this bird that all occupy specific parts of the continent:
+====Subspecies====
-*''Calyptorhynchus lathami erebus'' which is found in Central North [[Queensland]] from [[Eungella National Park]] near Mackay south to Monto in South Eastern Queensland.
+There are three  subspecies of this bird that all occupy specific parts of the continent<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
-*''Calyptorhynchus lathami lathami'' found from Kingaroy and the Wide Bay District of South Eastern Queensland south to East Gippsland in [[Victoria]].
+*''C. l. erebus'' which is found in Central North [[Queensland]] from Eungella National Park near Mackay south to Monto in South Eastern Queensland.
-*''Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus'' found only on [[Kangaroo Island]] South Australia
+*''C. l. lathami'' found from Kingaroy and the Wide Bay District of South Eastern Queensland south to East Gippsland in [[Victoria]].
+*''C. l. halmaturinus'' found only on Kangaroo Island [[South Australia]]
-Other names: At the species level, the Glossy Black-Cockatoo has also been known, in the past, as the Casuarina, Casuarine, Glossy or Latham's Cockatoo, Leach's Black-Cockatoo, Leach's Red-tailed Cockatoo, and the Nutcracker (Higgins 1999).
-The Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Kangaroo Island) is considered to be a conventionally accepted subspecies of the Glossy Black-Cockatoo (C. lathami) (Schodde et al. 1993).
 ==Habitat==
 All members of this species are sometimes referred to as the "Casuarina Cockatoo" a reference to the bird's preference for eating the cone seeds of the Allocasuarina and Casuarina or She Oak Trees.<br />
-Sadly these trees form the greater part of the bird's diet, but are regarded as "rubbish" by most people including developers, who wantonly destroy this habitat. In South Australia, where the birds live solely on Kangaroo Island, recent bushfires have destroyed a large part of the habitat and replanting efforts are continuing.<br />
+Sadly these trees form the greater part of the bird's diet, but are regarded as "rubbish" by most people including developers, who wantonly destroy this habitat. In [[South Australia]], where the birds live solely on Kangaroo Island, recent bushfires have destroyed a large part of the habitat and replanting efforts are continuing.<br />
+[[Image:29490Glossy Black Juv2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|ChrisCharles|Chris Charles}}<br />Patonga, [[New South Wales]], 22 October 2006]]
-'''Conservation Status'''<br />
+====Conservation Status====
-In Queensland ''C.lathami lathami'' is considered vulnerable and in [[New South Wales]] the same status applies.<br />
+In [[Queensland]] ''C.lathami lathami'' is considered vulnerable and in [[New South Wales]] the same status applies.<br />
-''C.lathami erebus'' is considered to be sfae and maybe even increasing in numbers.<br />
+''C.lathami erebus'' is considered to be safe and maybe even increasing in numbers.<br />
-In Victoria ''C.lathami lathami'' is listed as threatened.<br />
+In [[Victoria]]''C.lathami lathami'' is listed as threatened.<br />
 The Kangaroo Island population of ''C.lathami halmaturinis'' is listed as endangered.<br />
 Nationwide, it is believed that less than 18,000 birds may still exist.
 ==Behaviour==
-The Glossy Black Cockatoo is a specialist feeder preferring Casuarina seeds over all other foods, however they have been noted feeding on other seed trees.They lay one egg per season and the female stays with the egg until incubation is complete. These birds are dependant on remnant forest for breeding hollows close to water. They appear to form small family groups and seem to move their young away after the first year. The birds are easily cautious but easily approached and will sit feeding on one tree for an entire day. They are easily found when they have their young as the continual calling identifies where they are, however on their own are barely discernable in the casuarinas. They are fairly poor flyers and appear to "fall" from trees and roosts before taking flight. Spectacular flight displays are sometimes seen when the birds chase each other.
+====Diet====
+[[Image:16927Female Glossy.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, subspecies ''halmaturinus''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Lindsay+Cooke|Lindsay Cooke}}<br />Kangaroo Island, March 2006]]
+They are a specialist feeder preferring Casuarina seeds over all other foods, however they have been noted feeding on other seed trees.
+====Breeding====
+They lay one egg per season and the female stays with the egg until incubation is complete. These birds are dependant on remnant forest for breeding hollows close to water. They appear to form small family groups and seem to move their young away after the first year. The birds are usually cautious but easily approached and will sit feeding on one tree for an entire day. They are easily found when they have their young as the continual calling identifies where they are, however on their own are barely discernable in the casuarinas.
+====Action====
+[[Image:Glossy Black Cockatoo 6 1 of 1 .jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Ken+Doy|Ken Doy}}<br />Peak Hill, [[New South Wales]], 18 July 2019]]
+They are fairly poor flyers and appear to "fall" from trees and roosts before taking flight. Spectacular flight displays are sometimes seen when the birds chase each other.
+====Vocalisation====
+They have a unique "creaking door" sound to their call.
+==References==
+#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#[https://avibase.ca/D090A8A4 Avibase]
+#Rowley, I. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.glbcoc1.01
+#BirdForum Member observations
+{{ref}}
 ==External Links==
 {{GSearch|Calyptorhynchus+lathami}}
-*[http://www.aviceda.org/abid/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&fid=19&bid=142 View more images of this species on the ABID]
 *http://www.glossyblack.org.au = The Glossy Black Conservancy
-*http://www.eungella.info = Information about Eungella N.P.
+*http://www.eungella.com.au/Home.html = Information about Eungella N.P.
 *http://www.tourkangarooisland.com.au = Information about Kangaroo Island
 [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Calyptorhynchus]]