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;[[:Category:Pygoscelis|Pygoscelis]] papua | ;[[:Category:Pygoscelis|Pygoscelis]] papua | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 76–81 cm (29.9-31.9 in)<br /> | |
| + | Recognised by large size and head pattern<br /> | ||
Blue-black above, white below. Head black with white bar over crown<br /> | Blue-black above, white below. Head black with white bar over crown<br /> | ||
Bill black and orange, legs orange. | Bill black and orange, legs orange. | ||
| Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
[[Image:EBF deviaje 1526.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Porpoising to escape a Leopard Seal<br />Photo © by {{user|JCL|JCL}}<br />Pleneau Island, Antarctic Peninsula, February 2008]] | [[Image:EBF deviaje 1526.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Porpoising to escape a Leopard Seal<br />Photo © by {{user|JCL|JCL}}<br />Pleneau Island, Antarctic Peninsula, February 2008]] | ||
Two-three races recognised differing in minor bill and leg measurements. | Two-three races recognised differing in minor bill and leg measurements. | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Circumpolar in the subantarctic.<br /> | Circumpolar in the subantarctic.<br /> | ||
Revision as of 23:39, 25 May 2020
- Pygoscelis papua
Identification
76–81 cm (29.9-31.9 in)
Recognised by large size and head pattern
Blue-black above, white below. Head black with white bar over crown
Bill black and orange, legs orange.
Variations
Two-three races recognised differing in minor bill and leg measurements.
Distribution
Circumpolar in the subantarctic.
Breeds on the Antarctic Peninsula and Staten Island, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, the South Shetland, South Orkney and South Sandwich Islands, Prince Edward, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard and Macquarie Islands.
Pelagic range not fully known but many remain close to breeding range, others wander northwards to about 430S in South America.
Vagrants recorded in Tasmania and New Zealand.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 2 subspecies[1]:
- P. p. papua: Larger
- Sub-antarctic regions south to ca 60°S
- P. p. ellsworthi: Smaller
- Antarctic Peninsula to South Sandwich Islands
An additional subspecies taeniata (from Macquarie, Heard, Kerguelen and Marion Islands) is not generally recognised.
Habitat
Breeds on remote flat or rocky islands, otherwise at sea but seen close to breeding sites throughout the year.
Behaviour
Breeding
Colonial breeder, August-March, nest is a bulky structure of vegetation or small stones. Two white eggs laid between late-September and mid-October, incubated by both sexes for 33 days. Young fed by both sexes.
Diet
Their diet includes krill.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Lepage D. (2020) Gentoo_Penguin in Avibase - The World Bird Database. Retrieved 26May 2020
- Martínez, I., D. A. Christie, F. Jutglar, E.F.J. Garcia, and C.J. Sharpe (2020). Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.genpen1.01
- Shirihai, H. 2008. Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife: Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and the Southern Ocean. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0691136660
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Gentoo Penguin. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 22 December 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Gentoo_Penguin
External Links
