(Typo.) |
(Imp sizes. Picture of female. Basic tidy-up. References updated) |
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| + | [[Image:Eastern_or_Crested_Shrike_Tit.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|rebelxt|rebelxt}}<br />Adelaide, [[Australia]], November 2005]] | ||
'''Alternative name: Eastern Shrike-tit''' | '''Alternative name: Eastern Shrike-tit''' | ||
| − | + | ||
;[[:Category:Falcunculus|Falcunculus]] frontatus | ;[[:Category:Falcunculus|Falcunculus]] frontatus | ||
'''Includes Northern Shrike-tit and Western Shrike-tit''' | '''Includes Northern Shrike-tit and Western Shrike-tit''' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | Dull green back and wings | + | [[Image:IMG 62524.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, nominate subspecies<br />Photo by {{user|woom|woom}}<br />Benalla wetlands, [[Victoria]], Australia, July 2015]] |
| + | 16–19 cm (6¼-7½ in) | ||
| + | *Dull green back and wings | ||
| + | *Yellow belly | ||
| + | *Boldly marked black and white head | ||
| + | *Small black crest. | ||
| + | *Bill is unusually deep, strong and hooked | ||
| + | Females are similar to males but have a dark olive-green throat. | ||
| + | ====Variations==== | ||
''Leucogaster'' has a white belly.<br /> | ''Leucogaster'' has a white belly.<br /> | ||
''Whitei'' is smaller and paler.<br /> | ''Whitei'' is smaller and paler.<br /> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[Australia]].<br /> | [[Australia]].<br /> | ||
| Line 14: | Line 22: | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | [[Image:Northern_(crested)_shrike-tit.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Northern Shrike-tit (''whitei'')<br />Photo by {{user|tcollins|tcollins}}<br />Katherine Region, [[Northern Territory]], [[Australia]], October 2007]] | ||
Clements accepts three subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | Clements accepts three subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| − | * ''F. f. frontatus'' (Eastern Shrike-tit) from | + | * ''F. f. frontatus'' (Eastern Shrike-tit): |
| − | * ''F. f. leucogaster'' (Western Shrike-tit) from Southwest Western [[Australia]] | + | :*from South East [[Australia]] |
| − | * ''F. f. whitei'' (Northern Shrike-tit) from N [[Australia]] | + | * ''F. f. leucogaster'' (Western Shrike-tit): |
| + | :*from Southwest Western [[Australia]] | ||
| + | * ''F. f. whitei'' (Northern Shrike-tit); | ||
| + | :*from N [[Australia]] | ||
| + | |||
Some authorities (Howard & Moore) merit full species status to all three forms. However neither Clements nor Sibley & Monroe have accepted this split and the Opus awaits further clarification. | Some authorities (Howard & Moore) merit full species status to all three forms. However neither Clements nor Sibley & Monroe have accepted this split and the Opus awaits further clarification. | ||
| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | + | Eucalypt forests and woodlands. Also in riparian vegetation. | |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | |||
Feeds mainly on insects, takes also spiders, fruit seeds and arils. Forages in trees, taking prey from barks or foliage. | Feeds mainly on insects, takes also spiders, fruit seeds and arils. Forages in trees, taking prey from barks or foliage. | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | [[Image:35409Crested shrike-tit 001.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Western Shrike-tit (''leucogaster'')<br />Photo by {{user|aladyforty|aladyforty}}<br />Torbay, [[Western Australia]], July 2006]] | ||
Breeding season from August to January, usually double-brooded. The nest is a deep cup, made by the female with bark strips and dry grass. It's placed 6 - 15m high in a tree fork. Lays 2 - 3 eggs.<br /> | Breeding season from August to January, usually double-brooded. The nest is a deep cup, made by the female with bark strips and dry grass. It's placed 6 - 15m high in a tree fork. Lays 2 - 3 eggs.<br /> | ||
Nests parasitized by [[Pallid Cuckoo]], [[Brush Cuckoo]] and [[Fan-tailed Cuckoo]]. | Nests parasitized by [[Pallid Cuckoo]], [[Brush Cuckoo]] and [[Fan-tailed Cuckoo]]. | ||
| Line 32: | Line 44: | ||
Resident with some local movements. | Resident with some local movements. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#{{Ref-HBWVol12}} |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
Revision as of 22:49, 5 March 2018
Alternative name: Eastern Shrike-tit
- Falcunculus frontatus
Includes Northern Shrike-tit and Western Shrike-tit
Identification
16–19 cm (6¼-7½ in)
- Dull green back and wings
- Yellow belly
- Boldly marked black and white head
- Small black crest.
- Bill is unusually deep, strong and hooked
Females are similar to males but have a dark olive-green throat.
Variations
Leucogaster has a white belly.
Whitei is smaller and paler.
Distribution
Australia.
Leucogaster is currently in decline due to loss of habitat and is considered vulnerable. The nominate form is of least concern.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
_shrike-tit.jpg)
Northern Shrike-tit (whitei)
Photo by tcollins
Katherine Region, Northern Territory, Australia, October 2007
Photo by tcollins
Katherine Region, Northern Territory, Australia, October 2007
Clements accepts three subspecies[1]:
- F. f. frontatus (Eastern Shrike-tit):
- from South East Australia
- F. f. leucogaster (Western Shrike-tit):
- from Southwest Western Australia
- F. f. whitei (Northern Shrike-tit);
- from N Australia
Some authorities (Howard & Moore) merit full species status to all three forms. However neither Clements nor Sibley & Monroe have accepted this split and the Opus awaits further clarification.
Habitat
Eucalypt forests and woodlands. Also in riparian vegetation.
Behaviour
Diet
Feeds mainly on insects, takes also spiders, fruit seeds and arils. Forages in trees, taking prey from barks or foliage.
Breeding
Breeding season from August to January, usually double-brooded. The nest is a deep cup, made by the female with bark strips and dry grass. It's placed 6 - 15m high in a tree fork. Lays 2 - 3 eggs.
Nests parasitized by Pallid Cuckoo, Brush Cuckoo and Fan-tailed Cuckoo.
Resident with some local movements.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2007. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553422
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Eastern Shrike-tit. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 22 December 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Eastern_Shrike-tit
