m (Picture positions adjusted) |
(Clearer image. References updated) |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | '''Alternative names: Red-headed Laughingthrush; Black-eared Laughingthrush (''nigrimentum'' | + | '''Alternative names: Red-headed Laughingthrush; Black-eared Laughingthrush (''nigrimentum'')''' |
| − | + | [[Image:DSC 8229 Chestnut-crowned-laughingthrush.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''erythrocephalum''<br />Photo by {{user|kothiala|kothiala}}<br />Kunjakharak, Nainital, Uttarakhand, [[India]], 25 December 2018]] | |
| − | + | ||
| − | [[Image:Chestnut- | + | ;[[:Category:Trochalopteron|Trochalopteron]] erythrocephalum |
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 24 - 26cm. A medium-sized, | + | [[Image:Chestnut-crowned_Laughingthrush.jpg|thumb|350px|right|subspecies ''nigrimentum''<br />Photo by {{user|Yeshey+Dorji|Yeshey Dorji}}<br />Dodina, Thimphu, Western [[Bhutan]] September 2004]] |
| − | + | 24 - 26cm (9½-10¼ in). A medium-sized, variable laughingthrush. | |
| − | + | * Brownish plumage | |
| − | + | * Brilliant green-gold panels on wings and sides of tail | |
| − | + | * Heavy black spots on upper mantle and scales on breast | |
| − | + | * Chestnut forehead and nape | |
| − | + | * Blackish [[Topography#Heads|lores]] and throat | |
| − | + | * Dark eye | |
| − | + | ====Variations==== | |
| − | + | Subpecies ''nigrimentum'' has a slate-grey crown and grey cheek | |
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | Found from the [[Himalayas]] of northern [[India]] east over [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], northeast [[India]] to [[Burma]] (see taxonomy). Extinct in [[Pakistan]].<br /> | |
| − | Found from the [[Himalayas]] of northern [[India]] east over [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], northeast [[India]] to [[Burma | ||
Common in part of its range. | Common in part of its range. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | Formerly included also [[Assam Laughingthrush]], [[Silver-eared Laughingthrush]] and [[Malayan Laughingthrush]].<br /> | |
| − | [[Image: | + | Also placed in the genus [[:Category:Garrulax|Garrulax]]. |
| − | * '' | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| − | * | + | [[Image:SM5A1385.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|Rajsurin|Rajsurin}}<br />Sat Tal, Uttarakhand, [[India]] December 2016]] |
| − | * '' | + | Clements accepts three subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| − | + | * ''T. e. erythrocephalum'' in the [[Himalayas]] of western [[India]] (Himachal Pradesh to Uttar Pradesh) | |
| − | + | * ''T. e. kali'' in western and central [[Nepal]] | |
| − | + | * ''T. e. nigrimentum'' the [[Himalayas]] from [[Nepal]] to northeastern [[India]] (Assam) and southeastern [[Tibet]] | |
| − | + | The described subspecies imprudens is now merged with nigrimentum. The subspecies ''woodi'' of [[Assam Laughingthrush]] was formerly included in this species. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Understorey and bamboo in broadleaf evergreen forest. Also in mixed forest, secondary growth and rhododendron scrub. Found at 1000m to 3400m. | Understorey and bamboo in broadleaf evergreen forest. Also in mixed forest, secondary growth and rhododendron scrub. Found at 1000m to 3400m. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
Feeds on inscects, berries, seeds and other vegetable matter.<br /> | Feeds on inscects, berries, seeds and other vegetable matter.<br /> | ||
| − | Forages on or close to the ground in pairs or small groups, sometimes together with other laughingthrushes. | + | Forages on or close to the ground in pairs or small groups, sometimes together with other laughingthrushes. |
| − | Breeding season differs throughout range. The nest is a deep cup made of dead leaves, dry grasses, moss and other dead vegetation. It's placed in a small tree, bush, sapling or hanging lianas. Lays 1 - 4 eggs. | + | ====Breeding==== |
| + | Breeding season differs throughout range. The nest is a deep cup made of dead leaves, dry grasses, moss and other dead vegetation. It's placed in a small tree, bush, sapling or hanging lianas. Lays 1 - 4 eggs. | ||
| + | ====Movements==== | ||
Resident species with some altitudinal movement in the Himalayas. | Resident species with some altitudinal movement in the Himalayas. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Avibase |
| + | #{{Ref-HBWVol12}}#{{Ref-RasmussenAnderton05}} | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch| | + | {{GSearch|Trochalopteron+erythroceph}} |
| − | [[Category:Birds | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Trochalopteron]] |
Latest revision as of 21:40, 13 August 2020
Alternative names: Red-headed Laughingthrush; Black-eared Laughingthrush (nigrimentum)
- Trochalopteron erythrocephalum
Identification
24 - 26cm (9½-10¼ in). A medium-sized, variable laughingthrush.
- Brownish plumage
- Brilliant green-gold panels on wings and sides of tail
- Heavy black spots on upper mantle and scales on breast
- Chestnut forehead and nape
- Blackish lores and throat
- Dark eye
Variations
Subpecies nigrimentum has a slate-grey crown and grey cheek
Distribution
Found from the Himalayas of northern India east over Nepal, Bhutan, northeast India to Burma (see taxonomy). Extinct in Pakistan.
Common in part of its range.
Taxonomy
Formerly included also Assam Laughingthrush, Silver-eared Laughingthrush and Malayan Laughingthrush.
Also placed in the genus Garrulax.
Subspecies
Clements accepts three subspecies[1]:
- T. e. erythrocephalum in the Himalayas of western India (Himachal Pradesh to Uttar Pradesh)
- T. e. kali in western and central Nepal
- T. e. nigrimentum the Himalayas from Nepal to northeastern India (Assam) and southeastern Tibet
The described subspecies imprudens is now merged with nigrimentum. The subspecies woodi of Assam Laughingthrush was formerly included in this species.
Habitat
Understorey and bamboo in broadleaf evergreen forest. Also in mixed forest, secondary growth and rhododendron scrub. Found at 1000m to 3400m.
Behaviour
Diet
Feeds on inscects, berries, seeds and other vegetable matter.
Forages on or close to the ground in pairs or small groups, sometimes together with other laughingthrushes.
Breeding
Breeding season differs throughout range. The nest is a deep cup made of dead leaves, dry grasses, moss and other dead vegetation. It's placed in a small tree, bush, sapling or hanging lianas. Lays 1 - 4 eggs.
Movements
Resident species with some altitudinal movement in the Himalayas.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Avibase
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2007. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553422
- Rasmussen, PC and JC Anderton. 2005. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334672
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Chestnut-crowned_Laughingthrush
