Hieracospiza,
Hieraspizia,
Hieraspizias, Hierospiza,
Hiracospizias,
Ieraspizia,
Ierospizia,
Jeraspizia,
Teraspiza,
Teraspizias and
Terospiza (at least...
), are all subsequent spellings of
Hieraspiza Kaup. (I.e., they should in principle all take the same type, whatever the species for which the various spellings were first used.)
(Capital
I and
J are frequently confused in early German texts. The spellings in
T- obviously have their origin in a misreading of Johann Jakob Kaup's handwriting by a British typographer -- the very same misreading that also resulted in his name being turned into "T. T. Kaup" in some British outlets.)
Kaup first used
Hieraspiza in 1844
Classification der säugethiere und vögel - Biodiversity Heritage Library , but it was a
nomen nudum there -- merely presented as a taxon that seemed to include some East-Indian species, to which
virgatus perhaps ("vielleicht") belonged : this does not amount to a positive inclusion of a nominal species in the genus-group taxon, and cannot be accepted as one (see
ICZN 67.2.5) -- there is nothing to make
Hieraspiza available in this work. As a consequence, the name must be taken from the next work where it was used, i.e. Kaup 1845
Bd.3 (1845) - Museum Senckenbergianum - Biodiversity Heritage Library -- with
Nisus virgatus and
N. dussumieri as originally included species, and no type fixation in the OD. The earliest subsequent type designations (starting with Gray in 1849
v.1 (1844-1849) - The genera of birds - Biodiversity Heritage Library (which is typically overlooked), followed by Gray 1855
Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum - Biodiversity Heritage Library (which has often been accepted)) were of
Falco tinus Latham 1790, a species that Kaup only included in the taxon in a subsequent work, published in 1847 -- these are of course invalid. The earliest designation of an eligible species may have been by Sharpe in 1874
Vol 1 (1874) - Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum - Biodiversity Heritage Library . (Sharpe did not attribute
Hieraspiza to the correct publication, but this is in principle immaterial under current rules, see
ICZN 67.7. Note also that Sharpe designated simultaneously the same type for
Hieraspiza Kaup "1844", and for the ISS "
Teraspiza Kaup 1867" : even if one were to reject the first of these designations as applying to something that was not yet an available name, the second one would still stand -- and fix the type of
Hieraspiza Kaup 1845, see
ICZN 67.6.)
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