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Difference between revisions of "Ruddy Duck" - BirdForum Opus

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(more details, better pics)
(split of Andean Duck)
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[[Image:Oxyura jamaicensis male, Horicon.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|Oppie|Oppie}}<br />[[Horicon Marsh]], [[Wisconsin]], [[USA]]; May 2013]]
 
[[Image:Oxyura jamaicensis male, Horicon.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|Oppie|Oppie}}<br />[[Horicon Marsh]], [[Wisconsin]], [[USA]]; May 2013]]
 
;[[:Category:Oxyura|Oxyura]] jamaicensis
 
;[[:Category:Oxyura|Oxyura]] jamaicensis
−
'''Includes: Andean Duck'''
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
[[Image:Oxyura jamaicensis female, Tucson.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />Sweetwater Wetlands, [[Tucson]], [[Arizona]], [[USA]]; ]]
 
[[Image:Oxyura jamaicensis female, Tucson.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />Sweetwater Wetlands, [[Tucson]], [[Arizona]], [[USA]]; ]]
Line 9: Line 8:
 
'''Breeding male'''
 
'''Breeding male'''
 
*Striking blue bill
 
*Striking blue bill
−
*Black head with white cheeks (except ''O. j. ferruginea'' usually with an all-black head)
+
*Black head with white cheeks
 
*Red-brown body
 
*Red-brown body
  
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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 
[[Image:Ruddy Duck juvenile Laguna Cartegena National Wildlife Refuge Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Young male, starting to show white cheeks<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Laguna Cartagena NWR, [[Puerto Rico]], [[USA]], November 2012]]
 
[[Image:Ruddy Duck juvenile Laguna Cartegena National Wildlife Refuge Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Young male, starting to show white cheeks<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Laguna Cartagena NWR, [[Puerto Rico]], [[USA]], November 2012]]
−
Native to [[North America|North]], [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]], and the [[Caribbean]].
+
Native to [[North America|North]], [[Central America|Central]] and the [[Caribbean]].
  
 
Introduced to the [[UK]] and [[Europe]], where hybridisation with [[White-headed Duck]] is causing some concern.  
 
Introduced to the [[UK]] and [[Europe]], where hybridisation with [[White-headed Duck]] is causing some concern.  
  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 +
This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>.<br />
 +
Andean Duck was formerly included in this species.<br />
 +
The subspecies ''rubida'' from the northern part of its range is usually no longer accepted.<br />
 
Closely related to the other "stifftails" of the genus ''[[:Category:Oxyura|Oxyura]]''
 
Closely related to the other "stifftails" of the genus ''[[:Category:Oxyura|Oxyura]]''
−
 
+
[[Image:Ruddy Duck 82 2642.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|STEFFRO1|STEFFRO1}}<br />[[Huntington Beach State Park]], [[South Carolina]], December 2014]]
−
====Subspecies====
 
−
Two to four subspecies are accepted<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>:
 
−
*''O. j. rubida'':
 
−
:*Breeds interior north-western [[North America]] (southwestern [[Canada]] to [[Mexico]]); northern populations migratory. Included in ''O. j. jamaicensis'' by some authorities<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
 
−
*''O. j. jamaicensis'':
 
−
:*[[West Indies]], resident.
 
−
*''O. j. andina'':
 
−
:*Lakes and marshes of Central and Eastern Andes of [[Colombia]]. Intermediate (possibly hybrid<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>) between ''O. j. jamaicensis'' and ''O. j. ferruginea'', with cheeks patchy black.
 
−
* ''O. j. ferruginea'':
 
−
:*Locally from Andes of south [[Colombia]] to south [[Argentina]] and south [[Chile]]. Cheeks black. Split as full species '''Andean Duck''' ''O. ferruginea'' by some authorities<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>.
 
−
[[Image:31912DSC 1417PSforum.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male ''O. j. ferruginea''<br >Photo by {{user|Sussex+bird+man|Sussex bird man}}<br />Laguna Nimez, [[Argentina]], November 2006]]
 
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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It cocks the tail much of the time. Except when on the nest spends much time on open water or diving for food.  
 
It cocks the tail much of the time. Except when on the nest spends much time on open water or diving for food.  
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
−
[[Image:Ruddy Duck 82 2642.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|STEFFRO1|STEFFRO1}}<br />[[Huntington Beach State Park]], [[South Carolina]], December 2014]]
 
 
A diving duck.<br />
 
A diving duck.<br />
 
Their diet consists of aquatic insects, molluscs, crustaceans and worms. Also aquatic plant seeds.
 
Their diet consists of aquatic insects, molluscs, crustaceans and worms. Also aquatic plant seeds.
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A seasonally [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monogamous]] species. The nest is a bowl made of dead vegetation on ground or on water, hidden in dense vegetation. Lays 6 to 10 eggs.
 
A seasonally [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monogamous]] species. The nest is a bowl made of dead vegetation on ground or on water, hidden in dense vegetation. Lays 6 to 10 eggs.
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker17V7.2}}#{{Ref-HBWVol1}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2014)
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker17V7.2}}#{{Ref-HBWVol1}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2014)
 
#BF Member Observations
 
#BF Member Observations
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}

Revision as of 05:22, 29 August 2018

Male
Photo by Oppie
Horicon Marsh, Wisconsin, USA; May 2013
Oxyura jamaicensis

Identification

Female
Photo by bobsofpa
Sweetwater Wetlands, Tucson, Arizona, USA;

Length 35–43 cm, wingspan 53-62 cm, weight 310-800 g
A small diving duck. Compact body with large head and stiff tail often cocked up, give it a very distinctive shape. Wings plain dark brown in all ages and seasons.

Breeding male

  • Striking blue bill
  • Black head with white cheeks
  • Red-brown body

Non-breeding male

  • Grey-brown body
  • Head much as summer male but slightly duller
  • Unlike most ducks, the non-breeding 'eclipse' plumage is seen from late fall through winter to early spring, not late summer

Female

  • Dull brown
  • Striped dark brown and pale buff head pattern

Juvenile

  • Very similar to female; young males slowly gain white cheeks in first winter

Distribution

Young male, starting to show white cheeks
Photo by Stanley Jones
Laguna Cartagena NWR, Puerto Rico, USA, November 2012

Native to North, Central and the Caribbean.

Introduced to the UK and Europe, where hybridisation with White-headed Duck is causing some concern.

Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species1.
Andean Duck was formerly included in this species.
The subspecies rubida from the northern part of its range is usually no longer accepted.
Closely related to the other "stifftails" of the genus Oxyura

Photo by STEFFRO1
Huntington Beach State Park, South Carolina, December 2014

Habitat

Marshes, ponds and lakes with areas of open water and emergent vegetation.

Behaviour

Action

Dives to feed. Often sinks low in water before diving or even sinks completely to feed without diving.
Rarely seen on land as it walks poorly. They are not often seen in flight.
It cocks the tail much of the time. Except when on the nest spends much time on open water or diving for food.

Diet

A diving duck.
Their diet consists of aquatic insects, molluscs, crustaceans and worms. Also aquatic plant seeds.

Breeding

Breeding season varies through range, breeds all year in the tropics, April to August in the northern parts of its range.
A seasonally monogamous species. The nest is a bowl made of dead vegetation on ground or on water, hidden in dense vegetation. Lays 6 to 10 eggs.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2017. IOC World Bird Names (version 7.2). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
  3. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334108
  4. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2014)
  5. BF Member Observations

Recommended Citation

External Links


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