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Difference between revisions of "White-rumped Shama" - BirdForum Opus

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(Imp sizes. Picture placement. References updated)
(taxonomy, reference updated)
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====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
 
[[Image:white-rumped_shama_alok_2.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''C. m. indicus''<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Dudhwa National Park, Himalayan Terai, [[India]], Jan.-2015]]
 
[[Image:white-rumped_shama_alok_2.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''C. m. indicus''<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Dudhwa National Park, Himalayan Terai, [[India]], Jan.-2015]]
−
About 19 subspecies accepted<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
+
14 subspecies accepted<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
 
*''C. m. malabaricus'': Southern peninsula [[India]]
 
*''C. m. malabaricus'': Southern peninsula [[India]]
 
*''C. m. leggei'': [[Sri Lanka]]
 
*''C. m. leggei'': [[Sri Lanka]]
−
*''C. m. indicus'': [[Nepal]], to Assam and north-eastern [[India]]
+
*''C. m. macrourus'': [[Nepal]] to northeastern [[India]], southwestern [[China]] and Hainan Island), [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Indochina]] (including Con Son Island, southern [[Vietnam]]), and the northern Thai-Malay Peninsula; the species also is introduced on [[Taiwan]] (subspecies not confirmed, possibly ''macrourus'') and the [[Hawaiian Islands]] (probably ''macrourus'')
−
*''C. m. interpositus'': South-western [[China]] to [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Indochina]] and Mergui Archaepelago
+
*''C. m. tricolor'': Southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, [[Sumatra]], Riau and Lingga Archipelagos, Bangka and Belitung islands, Anambas Islands, Natuna Islands, and western [[Java]]
−
*''C. m. minor'': Hainan (southern [[China]])
 
−
*''C. m. mallopercnus'': [[Malay Peninsula]], Riau Archipelago and Lingga Archipelago
 
−
*''C. m. tricolor '': [[Sumatra]], western [[Java]], Banka, Belitung and Karimata islands
 
−
*''C. m.s mirabilis'': Prinsen Island (Sunda Strait)
 
−
*''C. m. melanurus'': Islands off north-western [[Sumatra]]
 
−
*''C. m. opisthopelus'': Islands off south-western [[Sumatra]]
 
 
*''C. m. javanus'': Central [[Java]]
 
*''C. m. javanus'': Central [[Java]]
 
*''C. m. omissus'': Eastern [[Java]]
 
*''C. m. omissus'': Eastern [[Java]]
−
*''C. m. ochroptilus'': Anambas Islands (South China Sea)
 
−
*''C. m. abbotti'': Bangka and Belitung islands (off [[Borneo]])
 
−
*''C. m. eumesus'': Natuna Islands (off [[Borneo]])
 
 
*''C. m. suavis'': [[Borneo]] (except northern part)
 
*''C. m. suavis'': [[Borneo]] (except northern part)
 
*''C. m. nigricauda'': Kangean Islands and Matasiri Island ([[Java]] Sea)
 
*''C. m. nigricauda'': Kangean Islands and Matasiri Island ([[Java]] Sea)
 +
*''C. m. hypolizus'': Simeulue Island, west coast of [[Sumatra]]
 +
*''C. m. opisthochrus'': Lasia and Babi Islands, west coast of [[Sumatra]]; possibly extinct in the wild
 +
*''C. m. melanurus'': Nias Island and Mentawai Islands, west coast of [[Sumatra]]
 +
*''C. m. mirabilis'': Prinsen Island (Sunda Strait); possibly extinct
 
*''C. m. stricklandii'': Lowlands of northern [[Borneo]], Labuan, Balembangan and Banggi islands
 
*''C. m. stricklandii'': Lowlands of northern [[Borneo]], Labuan, Balembangan and Banggi islands
 
*''C. m. barbouri'': Maratua Islands (off northern [[Borneo]])
 
*''C. m. barbouri'': Maratua Islands (off northern [[Borneo]])
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Recording by {{user|wavethree|wavethree}}<br />Pulau Ubin, [[Singapore]]
 
Recording by {{user|wavethree|wavethree}}<br />Pulau Ubin, [[Singapore]]
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Wikipedia
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Wikipedia
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==

Revision as of 20:15, 24 September 2017

Subspecies C. m. interpositus
Photo by the late Laurence Poh
Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.
Copsychus malabaricus

Includes: White-crowned Shama

Identification

21–28 cm (8¼-11 in)

  • Black bill
  • Pink feet

Male

  • Glossy black
  • Chestnut belly
  • White feathers on the rump and outer tail

Females: grey-brown, shorter than males
Juvenile: similar to the female, with blotches or spots on the chest.

Distribution

Subspecies C. m. malabaricus
Photo by Alok Tewari
Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, India, Oct.-2013

South and south east Asia.

Introduced to Kaua'i, O'ahu and Moloka'i, in the Hawaiian Islands. Seems to be spreading to other islands in Maui County.

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Subspecies C. m. indicus
Photo by Alok Tewari
Dudhwa National Park, Himalayan Terai, India, Jan.-2015

14 subspecies accepted[1]:

  • C. m. malabaricus: Southern peninsula India
  • C. m. leggei: Sri Lanka
  • C. m. macrourus: Nepal to northeastern India, southwestern China and Hainan Island), Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina (including Con Son Island, southern Vietnam), and the northern Thai-Malay Peninsula; the species also is introduced on Taiwan (subspecies not confirmed, possibly macrourus) and the Hawaiian Islands (probably macrourus)
  • C. m. tricolor: Southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Riau and Lingga Archipelagos, Bangka and Belitung islands, Anambas Islands, Natuna Islands, and western Java
  • C. m. javanus: Central Java
  • C. m. omissus: Eastern Java
  • C. m. suavis: Borneo (except northern part)
  • C. m. nigricauda: Kangean Islands and Matasiri Island (Java Sea)
  • C. m. hypolizus: Simeulue Island, west coast of Sumatra
  • C. m. opisthochrus: Lasia and Babi Islands, west coast of Sumatra; possibly extinct in the wild
  • C. m. melanurus: Nias Island and Mentawai Islands, west coast of Sumatra
  • C. m. mirabilis: Prinsen Island (Sunda Strait); possibly extinct
  • C. m. stricklandii: Lowlands of northern Borneo, Labuan, Balembangan and Banggi islands
  • C. m. barbouri: Maratua Islands (off northern Borneo)

Stricklandi (together with barbouri) from Borneo is sometimes considered a full species, White-crowned Shama. Andaman Shama was formerly included in this species.

Habitat

Valley forests and lowland broadleaf forests.

Behaviour

Subspecies stricklandi (White-crowned Shama)
Photo by Joe Pan
Kinabatangan District, Sabah, Malaysia

Breeding

The nest is built of roots, leaves and other vegetative material which is placed near the ground. The eggs are white to light bluey-green, with brown blotches. Incubate takes between 12 and 15 days.

Diet

The diet includes grasshoppers, termites, caterpillars, grubs, and fruit. The young are fed earthworms and insects.

Vocalisation

<flashmp3>Memo.mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
Recording by wavethree
Pulau Ubin, Singapore

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Wikipedia

Recommended Citation

External Links

Retrieved from ‘https://www.birdforum.net/wiki/index.php?title=White-rumped_Shama&oldid=227181’
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