Generation 2 plus gives fair observations of Jupiter's moons, equivalent to about an 80mm telescope.
Generation 3 or 3 plus may be better, but not allowed for civilians in U.K.
However, the resolution of Generation 2 plus is not very good.
FOV not large.
Modern digital devices are quite good. And getting better.
Also, say, a Sony Alpha 7S or Mk2 7S shows 8th magnitude stars in 1/13th second in JPEG with an 85mm lens at f/1.4 and mag 7 in corners. 51,000 or 102,00 ISO. Single exposure. Sharp stars even in corners. This is in severe light pollution where only 3rd mag stars are seen unaided eyes. The viewfinder shows an amazing number of stars when none are visible with unaided eyes.
The Mk 2 with body stabilisation probably does this hand held.
However, stacking or longer exposures would show perhaps coma etc. in stars recorded.
There was a generation 3 i3 eyepiece but not allowed now in U.K.
Thermal imaging does not require any light at all as it picks up heat, although heat is of course radiation.
Military image intensifiers only need starlight.
Nikon cameras now go up to 1.6m and 3.2m ISO.
Modern real time video low light cameras are amazing. Canon and Sony.
Good cameras around £5,000 Thermal, video and still.
However, a 10 inch Newtonian still hard to beat. Breath oxygen if you want to see fainter.
Digital cameras can record well with no visible light at all, as they are sensitive in the infra red. Even more so with infra red filter removed.
Many years ago, my friend made a sensitive camera for Aurorae research that recorded well in apparent total darkness to the human eye. Used Canon 50mm f/0.95 transfer lens and maybe 6 Konica 135mm f/2.8 recording lenses.