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Leiothrichidae (3 Viewers)
- Thread starter Peter Kovalik
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albertonykus
Well-known member
Liu, T., Y. Xu, C. Xia, D. Edwards, X. Hu, Y. Su, J. Xie, and W. Zhang (2022)
Multiple evidences confirm that the endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) is an independent species
Avian Research (advance online publication)
doi: 10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100022
The taxonomy of the Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) and its relationship with the Yellow-throated Laughingthrush (G. galbanus and G. c. simaoensis), a range-restricted subspecies in China, has not been fully elucidated. So the taxonomic status and system evolution of the three taxa Garrulax courtoisi, G. galbanus and G. c. simaoensis need to be reclarified. Two gene sequences Myoglobin (MYO) and the mitochondrial Cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) were combined to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among courtoisi, simaoensis and galbanus, genetic data, combining with morphological, ecological and acoustic data were used to comb out the classification status and divergence level of the three taxa. Significant genetic and morphological differentiations (body size and plumage coloration) were detected between courtoisi and galbanus. However, no notable and reliable differences between the courtoisi and simaoensis were detected. The courtoisi, simaoensis and galbanus are clearly isolated in geographical distribution as a result of differing altitudes, climate conditions and habitats. The courtoisi has characteristic preference for nest location compared with galbanus. In addition, the results of song analysis also indicated that there are differences in maximum frequency between courtoisi and galbanus. G. courtoisi was confirmed to be an independent species based on genetic, morphological, geographical, ecological and vocal characteristics, and the validity of simaoensis as a subspecies still need more evidence. This study further confirmed the high conservation value of Blue-corwned Laughingthrush. In addition, due to the genetic differences between Simao and Wuyuan populations, this should be fully considered in future protection strategies.
Multiple evidences confirm that the endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) is an independent species
Avian Research (advance online publication)
doi: 10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100022
The taxonomy of the Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) and its relationship with the Yellow-throated Laughingthrush (G. galbanus and G. c. simaoensis), a range-restricted subspecies in China, has not been fully elucidated. So the taxonomic status and system evolution of the three taxa Garrulax courtoisi, G. galbanus and G. c. simaoensis need to be reclarified. Two gene sequences Myoglobin (MYO) and the mitochondrial Cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) were combined to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among courtoisi, simaoensis and galbanus, genetic data, combining with morphological, ecological and acoustic data were used to comb out the classification status and divergence level of the three taxa. Significant genetic and morphological differentiations (body size and plumage coloration) were detected between courtoisi and galbanus. However, no notable and reliable differences between the courtoisi and simaoensis were detected. The courtoisi, simaoensis and galbanus are clearly isolated in geographical distribution as a result of differing altitudes, climate conditions and habitats. The courtoisi has characteristic preference for nest location compared with galbanus. In addition, the results of song analysis also indicated that there are differences in maximum frequency between courtoisi and galbanus. G. courtoisi was confirmed to be an independent species based on genetic, morphological, geographical, ecological and vocal characteristics, and the validity of simaoensis as a subspecies still need more evidence. This study further confirmed the high conservation value of Blue-corwned Laughingthrush. In addition, due to the genetic differences between Simao and Wuyuan populations, this should be fully considered in future protection strategies.
Jacana
Will Jones
Chen, H., Huang, M., Liu, D. et al. Genomic signatures and evolutionary history of the endangered blue-crowned laughingthrush and other Garrulax species. BMC Biol 20, 188 (2022). Genomic signatures and evolutionary history of the endangered blue-crowned laughingthrush and other Garrulax species - BMC Biology
Background
The blue-crowned laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) is a critically endangered songbird endemic to Wuyuan, China, with population of ~323 individuals. It has attracted widespread attention, but the lack of a published genome has limited research and species protection.Results
We report two laughingthrush genome assemblies and reveal the taxonomic status of laughingthrush species among 25 common avian species according to the comparative genomic analysis. The blue-crowned laughingthrush, black-throated laughingthrush, masked laughingthrush, white-browed laughingthrush, and rusty laughingthrush showed a close genetic relationship, and they diverged from a common ancestor between ~2.81 and 12.31 million years ago estimated by the population structure and divergence analysis using 66 whole-genome sequencing birds from eight laughingthrush species and one out group (Cyanopica cyanus). Population inference revealed that the laughingthrush species experienced a rapid population decline during the last ice age and a serious bottleneck caused by a cold wave during the Chinese Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD). The blue-crowned laughingthrush is still in a bottleneck, which may be the result of a cold wave together with human exploitation. Interestingly, the existing blue-crowned laughingthrush exhibits extremely rich genetic diversity compared to other laughingthrushes. These genetic characteristics and demographic inference patterns suggest a genetic heritage of population abundance in the blue-crowned laughingthrush. The results also suggest that fewer deleterious mutations in the blue-crowned laughingthrush genomes have allowed them to thrive even with a small population size. We believe that cooperative breeding behavior and a long reproduction period may enable the blue-crowned laughingthrush to maintain genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding depression. We identified 43 short tandem repeats that can be used as markers to identify the sex of the blue-crowned laughingthrush and aid in its genetic conservation.Conclusions
This study supplies the missing reference genome of laughingthrush, provides insight into the genetic variability, evolutionary potential, and molecular ecology of laughingthrush and provides a genomic resource for future research and conservation.
Daniel Philippe
Well-known member
Bai G., Yuan Q., Guo Q., Duan Y., 2023. Identification and phylogenetic analysis in Pterorhinus chinensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Leiothrichidae) based on complete mitogenome. ZooKeys 1172: 15-30.
Identification and phylogenetic analysis in Pterorhinus chinensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Leiothrichidae) based on complete mitogenome
The Black-throated Laughingthrush (Pterorhinus chinensis) is a bird belonging to the order Passeriformes and the family Leiothrichidae, and is found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Pterorhinus chinensis was once classified as belonging to the genus Garrulax. However...
zookeys.pensoft.net
Jacana
Will Jones
Xiaolu Jiao, Lei Wu, Dezhi Zhang, Huan Wang, Feng Dong, Le Yang, Shangyu Wang, Hitoha E Amano, Weiwei Zhang, Chenxi Jia, Frank E Rheindt, Fumin Lei, Gang Song, Landscape heterogeneity explains the genetic differentiation of a forest bird across the Sino-Himalayan Mountains, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2024;, msae027, Landscape heterogeneity explains the genetic differentiation of a forest bird across the Sino-Himalayan Mountains
Mountains are the world’s most important centers of biodiversity. The Sino-Himalayan Mountains (SHM) are global biodiversity hotspot due to their extremely high species richness and endemicity. Ample research investigated the impact of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift and Quaternary glaciations in driving species diversification in plants and animals across the SHM. However, little is known about the role of landscape heterogeneity and other environmental features in driving diversification in this region. We utilized whole genomes and phenotypic data in combination with landscape genetic approaches to investigate population structure, demography, and genetic diversity in a forest songbird species native to the SHM, the Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea). We identified five phylogeographic clades, including one in the East of China, one in Yunnan, and three in Tibet, roughly consistent with differences in song and plumage coloration but incongruent with traditional subspecies boundaries. Isolation-by-resistance model best explained population differentiation within L. lutea, with extensive secondary contact after allopatric isolation leading to admixture among clades. Ecological niche modeling indicated relative stability in the extent of suitable distribution areas of the species across Quaternary glacial cycles. Our results underscore the importance of mountains in the diversification of this species, given that most of the distinct genetic clades are concentrated in a relatively small area in the SHM region, while a single shallow clade populates vast lower-lying areas to the east. This study highlights the crucial role of landscape heterogeneity in promoting differentiation and provides a deep genomic perspective on the mechanisms through which diversity hotspots form.
Mountains are the world’s most important centers of biodiversity. The Sino-Himalayan Mountains (SHM) are global biodiversity hotspot due to their extremely high species richness and endemicity. Ample research investigated the impact of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift and Quaternary glaciations in driving species diversification in plants and animals across the SHM. However, little is known about the role of landscape heterogeneity and other environmental features in driving diversification in this region. We utilized whole genomes and phenotypic data in combination with landscape genetic approaches to investigate population structure, demography, and genetic diversity in a forest songbird species native to the SHM, the Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea). We identified five phylogeographic clades, including one in the East of China, one in Yunnan, and three in Tibet, roughly consistent with differences in song and plumage coloration but incongruent with traditional subspecies boundaries. Isolation-by-resistance model best explained population differentiation within L. lutea, with extensive secondary contact after allopatric isolation leading to admixture among clades. Ecological niche modeling indicated relative stability in the extent of suitable distribution areas of the species across Quaternary glacial cycles. Our results underscore the importance of mountains in the diversification of this species, given that most of the distinct genetic clades are concentrated in a relatively small area in the SHM region, while a single shallow clade populates vast lower-lying areas to the east. This study highlights the crucial role of landscape heterogeneity in promoting differentiation and provides a deep genomic perspective on the mechanisms through which diversity hotspots form.
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